学校健康与安全规定中的要求是否能有效防止儿童背负过重书包？

Malinowska-Borowska Jolanta, Flajszok Katarzyna

Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach / Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland (Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu w Bytomiu, Zakład Toksykologii i Ochrony Zdrowia w Środowisku Pracy / Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Department of Toxicology and Health Protection).

Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach / Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland (Koło Naukowe przy Zakładzie Toksykologii i Ochrony Zdrowia w Środowisku Pracy / Scientific Circle at Department of Toxicology and Health Protection).

Med Pr. 2020 Dec 3;71(6):687-697. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.00998. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

BACKGROUND

Excessive spinal load caused by a schoolbag has a major impact on the child's body posture. The National Sanitary Inspector recommends the limit of schoolbag weight as corresponding to 10-15% of the student's weight. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal load of children aged 6-9 years, caused by schoolbags, and to check if it meets the requirements expressed as a percentage of the child's weight. The weight of the items in schoolbags was also established. In addition, parents' awareness about schoolbags and the child's use of additional storage spaces (lockers) were analyzed.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Overall, 332 children aged 6-9 years (172 girls, 160 boys) attending selected schools in a city located in the Silesian Voivodeship participated in the study. The study included determining schoolbag weight and presenting it in relation to the child's weight. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for 2 independent variables with non-normally distributed data (the Shapiro-Wilk test). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare >2 independent trials. The level of statistical significance was set at p = 0.05.

RESULTS

An average schoolbag weighted 3.57±0.58 kg. Schoolbag weight did not exceed 15% of the student's weight in 75% of the students; however, the schoolbags of only 17% of the students weighed less than 10% of the student's weight. The heaviest schoolbags were found among first-grade students. The girls had significantly heavier schoolbags compared to the boys (p = 0.037). The students using school lockers had heavier schoolbags than those who left unnecessary items on common shelves in the classroom (p = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

The issue of heavy schoolbags remains a challenge for public health decision-makers despite the regulation that requires to provide children with space to leave books at school. The current rules do not effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags. It is advisable to take measures to set an absolutely mandatory standard with which schools and students will be required to comply. Med Pr. 2020;71(6):687-97.

背景

书包造成的脊柱负荷过大对儿童身体姿势有重大影响。国家卫生检查员建议书包重量限制应相当于学生体重的10 - 15%。本研究的目的是评估6至9岁儿童因书包导致的脊柱负荷，并检查其是否符合以儿童体重百分比表示的要求。同时还确定了书包内物品的重量。此外，分析了家长对书包的认知以及孩子对额外存储空间（储物柜）的使用情况。

材料与方法

总体而言，来自西里西亚省一个城市选定学校的332名6至9岁儿童（172名女孩，160名男孩）参与了该研究。研究包括确定书包重量并将其与儿童体重相关联呈现。对于数据非正态分布的2个独立变量，使用曼 - 惠特尼U检验（夏皮罗 - 威尔克检验）。使用克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯检验来比较超过2个独立试验。统计显著性水平设定为p = 0.05。