Brzęk Anna, Wysocka-Bochenek Regina, Sołtys Jacek
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
PeerJ. 2025 Jun 2;13:e19353. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19353. eCollection 2025.
The purpose of the study was investigated how stabilographic parameters change under the influence of an external load, such as a school backpack, and whether there is a need to revise recommendations regarding the permissible school backpack load for children with abnormal body mass.
Children in younger school grades was investigated (n, 235, age: = 7.90 ± 0.74), divided into children with underweight (n = 49), with overweight (n = 48), and with obesity (n = 33), in comparison to the control group with normal body weight (n = 105). Posturographic measurements of body weight distribution and posturometric tests with eyes open and closed were performed in trials with school backpack and without.
The weight of school backpack for younger children ranges from 1.50 to 8.0 kg (3.74 ± 1.31). On average, this constitutes 13.66% of their body weight (SD, 5.85), but in 77 cases among all participants (32.77%), the children's school backpacks were overloaded by an average of 5.5% (SD, 4.66). Neither the weight of the school backpack nor its percentage relative to body weight were predictors of postural stability (-0.44 ≥ β ≥ 0.41 for > 0.05). In tests involving a school backpack, children with obesity performed significantly worse compared to the control group, particularly in the parameters sway path length (SPL), width of the ellipse (WoE), and height of the ellipse (HoE), in both open- and closed-eye conditions. Additionally, SPL was longer in the open-eye test with a school backpack in the overweight group. Children with underweight had results comparable to children with normal body weight.
Recommendations regarding the weight of school backpacks relative to a child's body weight worsen stabilometric parameters in children with increased body weight (overweight and obesity), which affects their postural stability. It is advisable to consider different percentage load values or implement systemic solutions for children with overweight and obesity.
本研究旨在调查在诸如书包等外部负荷影响下，稳定图参数如何变化，以及对于体重异常的儿童，是否有必要修订关于允许的书包负荷的建议。
对低年级学生进行了调查（n = 235，年龄：7.90±0.74），分为体重过轻组（n = 49）、超重组（n = 48）和肥胖组（n = 33），并与正常体重对照组（n = 105）进行比较。在背负书包和不背负书包的试验中，进行了体重分布的姿势描记测量以及睁眼和闭眼的姿势测量测试。
低年级儿童书包重量在1.50至8.0千克之间（3.74±1.31）。平均而言，这占他们体重的13.66%（标准差，5.85），但在所有参与者中的77例（32.77%）中，儿童的书包平均超载5.5%（标准差，4.66）。书包重量及其相对于体重的百分比均不是姿势稳定性的预测指标（P>0.05时，-0.44≥β≥0.41）。在涉及书包的测试中，肥胖儿童与对照组相比表现明显更差，尤其是在睁眼和闭眼条件下的摆动路径长度（SPL）、椭圆宽度（WoE）和椭圆高度（HoE）参数方面。此外，超重组在睁眼背书包测试中的SPL更长。体重过轻的儿童结果与正常体重儿童相当。
关于书包重量相对于儿童体重的建议会使体重增加（超重和肥胖）儿童的稳定测量参数恶化，这会影响他们的姿势稳定性。对于超重和肥胖儿童，建议考虑不同百分比的负荷值或实施系统性解决方案。
