Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
J Sch Health. 2013 May;83(5):368-77. doi: 10.1111/josh.12040.
Carrying a schoolbag is a daily activity for most children and much research has been conducted in an effort to identify a safe load limit for children to carry in their schoolbags. Despite this, there is still no consensus about guideline weight and other factors associated with carrying a schoolbag. The objective of this article is to review the literature on schoolbags with particular emphasis on the load limit guidelines and schoolbag-related musculoskeletal pain, and to suggest directions for school health and future research.
Science Direct, PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, OVID, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched for peer-reviewed articles using combinations of the following key words: schoolbag, backpack, rucksack, knapsack, satchel, book bag, book pack and included combinations of children, pain, gait, and posture. Article references were also checked for further citations. All are in English, with the exception of one which is in German but is widely cited.
There are conflicting findings in the literature. The recommended load limit for schoolchildren to carry varies from 5% to 20% of their body weight, and the evidence linking backpack weight and back pain is inconclusive.
The shortcomings in the current literature should be addressed so that evidence-based guidelines can be provided to schoolchildren, parents, and teachers. It is suggested that general guidance may be more appropriate than a single load limit guideline.
对于大多数儿童来说，背书包是一项日常活动，为了确定儿童书包的安全载重量，已经进行了大量研究。尽管如此，对于指导体重和与携带书包相关的其他因素，仍没有达成共识。本文的目的是回顾有关书包的文献，特别强调载重量指南和与书包相关的肌肉骨骼疼痛，并为学校健康和未来研究提出方向。
使用以下关键词的组合，在 Science Direct、PubMed、AMED、CINAHL、OVID、EMBASE 和 Scopus 上搜索同行评议的文章：书包、背包、背包、背包、书包、书包包，并包括儿童、疼痛、步态和姿势的组合。还检查了文章参考文献以获取更多引用。除了一篇被广泛引用的德文文献外，其他均为英文文献。
文献中存在相互矛盾的发现。建议小学生携带的书包重量为其体重的 5%至 20%，而与背包重量和背痛相关的证据尚无定论。
应解决当前文献中的缺点，以便为小学生、家长和教师提供基于证据的指导方针。建议一般性指导可能比单一的载重量指导方针更合适。
