DepartmentMaterials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milan, Italy.
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
Chembiochem. 2021 Mar 16;22(6):974-981. doi: 10.1002/cbic.202000643. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Nowadays natural biopolymers have a wide variety of uses in various industrial applications, such as food, adhesives and composite materials. Among them, cellulose has attracted the interest of researchers due to its properties: high strength and flexibility, biocompatibility and nontoxicity. Despite that, in many cases its practical use is limited because of poor solubility and/or an unsuitable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. In this context, enzymatic modification appears as a powerful strategy to overcome these problems through selective, green and environmentally friendly processes. This minireview discusses the different methods developed for the enzymatic modification of cellulose, emphasizing the type of reaction, the enzymes used (laccases, esterases, lipases, hexokinases, etc.), and the properties and applications of the cellulose derivatives obtained. Considering that cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth and can be derived from residual lignocellulosic biomass, the impact of its use in bio-based process following the logic of the circular economy is relevant.
如今，天然生物聚合物在各种工业应用中有着广泛的用途，如食品、粘合剂和复合材料。其中，纤维素因其高强度和柔韧性、生物相容性和无毒等特性引起了研究人员的兴趣。尽管如此，在许多情况下，由于其溶解度差和/或亲水性/疏水性平衡不合适，其实际用途受到限制。在这种情况下，酶修饰作为一种通过选择性、绿色和环保的方法来克服这些问题的强大策略出现了。本文综述了为纤维素的酶修饰而开发的不同方法，强调了反应类型、使用的酶（漆酶、酯酶、脂肪酶、己糖激酶等）以及所获得的纤维素衍生物的性质和应用。考虑到纤维素是地球上最丰富的天然聚合物，并且可以从残余的木质纤维素生物质中提取，因此它在遵循循环经济逻辑的生物基工艺中的使用具有重要意义。
