Mishra Anuradha, Ashary Nancy, Sharma Richa, Modi Deepak
Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 2021 Feb;85(2):e13360. doi: 10.1111/aji.13360. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
Implantation of the embryo is a rate-limiting step for a successful pregnancy, and it requires an intricate crosstalk between the embryo and the endometrium. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed, nano-sized structures produced by cells to mediate cell to cell communication and modulate a diverse set of biological processes. Herein, we review the involvement of EVs in the process of embryo implantation and endometrial diseases. EVs have been isolated from uterine fluid, cultured endometrial epithelial/stromal cells and trophectodermal cells. The endometrial epithelial and stromal/decidual cell-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized bythe trophoblast cells, and they regulate a diverse set of genes involved in adhesion, invasion and migration. Conversely, the embryo-derived EVs and its cargo are internalized by epithelial and immune cells of the endometrium for biosensing and immunomodulation required for successful implantation. EVs have also been shown to play a role in infertility, recurrent implantation failure, endometriosis, endometritis and endometrial cancer. Further research should set a stage for EVs as non-invasive "liquid biopsy" tools for assessment of endometrial health.
胚胎着床是成功妊娠的限速步骤，它需要胚胎与子宫内膜之间复杂的相互作用。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞产生的膜包裹的纳米级结构，用于介导细胞间通讯并调节多种生物学过程。在此，我们综述了细胞外囊泡在胚胎着床过程和子宫内膜疾病中的作用。细胞外囊泡已从子宫液、培养的子宫内膜上皮/基质细胞和滋养外胚层细胞中分离出来。子宫内膜上皮和基质/蜕膜细胞来源的细胞外囊泡及其所载物被滋养层细胞内化，并调节一系列参与黏附、侵袭和迁移的基因。相反，胚胎来源的细胞外囊泡及其所载物被子宫内膜的上皮细胞和免疫细胞内化，用于成功着床所需的生物传感和免疫调节。细胞外囊泡也已被证明在不孕症、反复着床失败、子宫内膜异位症、子宫内膜炎和子宫内膜癌中起作用。进一步的研究应为将细胞外囊泡作为评估子宫内膜健康的非侵入性“液体活检”工具奠定基础。
