Wang Jinguang, Wang Dan, Zhang Yuemin, Sun Pingping, Yi Lankai, Han Ailing, Zhao Wenjie, Zhang Yuhua, Ma Huagang
Reproductive Medicine Center of Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Department of Hand, Foot, and Orthopedics Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Jun 4;16:1550068. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1550068. eCollection 2025.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate intercellular communication and the conveyance of bioactive substances, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They play a significant role in various reproductive biological processes, including gametogenesis, fertilization, early embryo development, and implantation. Dysfunctional EV activity is associated with various reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, male infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This review systematically examines and categorizes current knowledge on EV functions in reproductive biology and disorders, and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. A systematic literature search from 2000 to 2024 identified studies showing EVs' influence on gamete maturation, fertilization, embryonic development, and implantation. They also play a role in reproductive disorders by affecting insulin resistance, androgen production, inflammation, angiogenesis, sperm quality, and maternal-fetal immune tolerance. The review concludes that EVs are integral to reproductive health, with further research needed to understand their mechanisms and clinical potential.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）促进细胞间通讯以及生物活性物质（包括蛋白质、脂质和核酸）的传递。它们在各种生殖生物学过程中发挥着重要作用，包括配子发生、受精、早期胚胎发育和着床。功能失调的EV活性与多种生殖疾病相关，如多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）、子宫内膜异位症、男性不育和复发性流产（RPL）。本综述系统地审视并分类了当前关于EV在生殖生物学和疾病中的功能及其作为诊断和治疗工具的潜力的知识。一项从2000年至2024年的系统文献检索确定了显示EV对配子成熟、受精、胚胎发育和着床有影响的研究。它们还通过影响胰岛素抵抗、雄激素产生、炎症、血管生成、精子质量和母胎免疫耐受在生殖疾病中发挥作用。该综述得出结论，EV对生殖健康至关重要，需要进一步研究以了解其机制和临床潜力。
