Am Nat. 2020 Nov;196(5):597-608. doi: 10.1086/711033. Epub 2020 Sep 22.
AbstractSexually selected ornaments range from highly dynamic traits to those that are fixed during development and relatively static throughout sexual maturity. Ornaments along this continuum differ in the information they provide about the qualities of potential mates, such as their parasite resistance. Dynamic ornaments enable real-time assessment of the bearer's condition: they can reflect an individual's current infection status, or they can reflect resistance to recent infections. Static ornaments, however, are not affected by recent infection but may instead indicate an individual's genetically determined resistance, even in the absence of infection. Given the typically aggregated distribution of parasites among hosts, infection is unlikely to affect the ornaments of the vast majority of individuals in a population: static ornaments may therefore be the more reliable indicators of parasite resistance. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the ornaments of male guppies () before experimentally infecting them with . Males with more left-right symmetrical black coloration and those with larger areas of orange coloration, both static ornaments, were more resistant. However, males with more saturated orange coloration, a dynamic ornament, were less resistant. Female guppies often prefer symmetrical males with larger orange ornaments, suggesting that parasite-mediated natural and sexual selection act in concert on these traits.
摘要
性选择的装饰物范围从高度动态的特征到在发育过程中固定且在整个性成熟过程中相对静态的特征。沿着这个连续体的装饰物在它们提供有关潜在配偶的质量的信息方面有所不同，例如它们的寄生虫抗性。动态装饰物能够实时评估承载者的状况：它们可以反映个体当前的感染状况，或者可以反映对最近感染的抵抗力。然而，静态装饰物不受最近感染的影响，但可能表明个体的遗传决定的抗性，即使在没有感染的情况下也是如此。鉴于寄生虫在宿主中通常聚集分布，感染不太可能影响群体中绝大多数个体的装饰物：因此，静态装饰物可能是寄生虫抗性的更可靠指标。为了验证这一假设，我们在实验感染 之前，对雄性孔雀鱼的装饰物进行了量化。具有更多左右对称的黑色着色和更大橙色区域着色的雄性（均为静态装饰物）更具抗性。然而，具有更饱和的橙色着色的雄性（一种动态装饰物）的抗性较低。雌性孔雀鱼通常更喜欢具有更大橙色装饰物的对称雄性，这表明寄生虫介导的自然选择和性选择在这些特征上协同作用。
