Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Group, Luxembourg Institute of Health.
ALAN-Maladies Rares Luxembourg.
J Athl Train. 2020 Dec 1;55(12):1215-1223. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-523-19.
Leisure-time running is one of the most popular forms of physical activity around the world. It can be practiced almost everywhere and requires mainly a pair of "appropriate" running shoes. However, the term appropriate is ambiguous, and the properties of running footwear have always generated hot debates among clinicians, coaches, and athletes, whatever the level of practice. As the main interface between the runner's foot and the ground, the shoe potentially plays an important role in managing repetitive external mechanical loads applied to the musculoskeletal system and, thus, in injury prevention. Consequently, over the last decades, running shoes have been prescribed based on matching shoe features to foot morphology. This strategy aligns with the popular belief that footwear is one of the main extrinsic factors influencing running-related injury risk. Despite a seemingly sound strategy for shoe prescription and constant progress in running-footwear technology, the injury rate remains high. Therefore, our aim in this narrative literature review is to clarify whether the prescription of appropriate footwear to prevent injury in running is evidence based, the result of logical fallacy, or just a myth. The literature presented in this review is based on a nonsystematic search of the MEDLINE database and focuses on work investigating the effect of shoe features on injury risk in runners. In addition, key elements for a proper understanding of the literature on running footwear and injury risk are addressed. In this literature review, we outline (1) the main risk factors and the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of running-related injury, (2) important methodologic considerations for generating high-level evidence, (3) the evidence regarding the influence of running-shoe features on injury risk, (4) future directions for research, and (5) final general recommendations.
业余时间跑步是全球最受欢迎的体育活动之一。几乎可以在任何地方进行，主要需要一双“合适的”跑鞋。然而，“合适”这个词的含义并不明确，跑鞋的性能在临床医生、教练和运动员中一直存在激烈的争论，无论练习水平如何。作为跑步者脚部与地面的主要接触点，鞋子在管理作用于肌肉骨骼系统的重复性外部机械负荷方面发挥着重要作用，从而在预防受伤方面发挥着重要作用。因此，在过去几十年中，跑鞋的选择是基于匹配鞋的特点与脚的形态。这种策略与一种流行的观点相一致，即鞋子是影响跑步相关受伤风险的主要外在因素之一。尽管跑鞋的选择策略看似合理，跑鞋技术也在不断进步，但受伤率仍然很高。因此，我们在这篇叙述性文献综述中的目的是澄清预防跑步受伤时选择合适的鞋子是否有充分的证据支持，是否是逻辑错误的结果，或者只是一个神话。本综述中介绍的文献是基于对 MEDLINE 数据库的非系统性搜索，重点研究了鞋的特点对跑步者受伤风险的影响。此外，还讨论了理解有关跑步鞋和受伤风险的文献的关键要素。在这篇文献综述中，我们概述了（1）跑步相关受伤的主要风险因素和发生机制，（2）产生高级别证据的重要方法学考虑因素，（3）关于跑鞋特点对受伤风险影响的证据，（4）未来的研究方向，以及（5）最终的一般建议。
