Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, 212 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; Alabama Center for Paper & Bioresource Engineering, Auburn University, 356 Ross Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Dec 15;165(Pt B):3180-3197. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.173. Epub 2020 Oct 13.
Lignin is the second most abundant biobased material found on earth. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of pulp and paper industry and biorefineries. Despite its abundance, lignin valorization is not achieved on a large scale. Recently, there has been a growing demand for using the renewable and biodegradable raw materials in the commodity polymers. Potential use of lignin as a component in thermoplastic polymers is a promising approach for its value-added utilization. Given the vast applications of thermoplastic materials, there is lack of comprehensive review on lignin based thermoplastic polymers in literature. This review focuses on the utilization of lignin as functional and structural component of the thermoplastic polymers which requires structural modifications of lignin pertaining to the polymeric system. First, various lignin modifications were discussed in view of controlling the homogeneity, reactivity, processability and compatibility of lignin for successful thermoplastic copolymer synthesis and blend processing. Then, various copolymerization methodologies of lignin applicable for thermoplastic monomers are reviewed. Lastly, the lignin based thermoplastic blends are discussed which covers the lignin blends with various thermoplastic polymers and the chemical modifications required to improve its compatibility in polymer matrix. Some of the promising potential applications and future perspectives to achieve the goal of lignin-based commercial thermoplastics polymers are addressed.
木质素是地球上第二丰富的生物基材料。它主要作为纸浆和造纸工业和生物精炼厂的副产品生产。尽管木质素丰富，但木质素的增值利用尚未大规模实现。最近，人们对可用于商品聚合物的可再生和可生物降解原料的需求日益增长。将木质素用作热塑性聚合物中的组分是其增值利用的一种很有前途的方法。鉴于热塑性材料的广泛应用，文献中缺乏对木质素基热塑性聚合物的综合综述。本综述重点介绍了木质素作为热塑性聚合物的功能和结构组分的利用，这需要对木质素进行与聚合体系相关的结构修饰。首先，讨论了各种木质素改性方法，以控制木质素的均一性、反应性、可加工性和相容性，从而成功合成热塑性共聚物和共混加工。然后，综述了适用于热塑性单体的各种木质素共聚方法。最后，讨论了木质素基热塑性共混物，涵盖了各种热塑性聚合物与木质素的共混物，以及为提高其在聚合物基体中的相容性所需的化学改性。讨论了一些有前途的潜在应用和未来展望，以实现基于木质素的商业热塑性聚合物的目标。
