Wang Chao, Kelley Stephen S, Venditti Richard A
Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
H.B. Fuller Company, 1200 Willow Lake Blvd, St. Paul, MN, 55110, USA.
ChemSusChem. 2016 Apr 21;9(8):770-83. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201501531. Epub 2016 Apr 5.
Lignin-based thermoplastic materials have attracted increasing interest as sustainable, cost-effective, and biodegradable alternatives for petroleum-based thermoplastics. As an amorphous thermoplastic material, lignin has a relatively high glass-transition temperature and also undergoes radical-induced self-condensation at high temperatures, which limits its thermal processability. Additionally, lignin-based materials are usually brittle and exhibit poor mechanical properties. To improve the thermoplasticity and mechanical properties of technical lignin, polymers or plasticizers are usually integrated with lignin by blending or chemical modification. This Review attempts to cover the reported approaches towards the development of lignin-based thermoplastic materials on the basis of published information. Approaches reviewed include plasticization, blending with miscible polymers, and chemical modifications by esterification, etherification, polymer grafting, and copolymerization. Those lignin-based thermoplastic materials are expected to show applications as engineering plastics, polymeric foams, thermoplastic elastomers, and carbon-fiber precursors.
木质素基热塑性材料作为石油基热塑性塑料的可持续、经济高效且可生物降解的替代品，已引起越来越多的关注。作为一种无定形热塑性材料，木质素具有相对较高的玻璃化转变温度，并且在高温下还会发生自由基诱导的自缩合反应，这限制了其热加工性能。此外，木质素基材料通常很脆，机械性能较差。为了提高工业木质素的热塑性和机械性能，通常通过共混或化学改性将聚合物或增塑剂与木质素结合。本综述试图根据已发表的信息，涵盖已报道的开发木质素基热塑性材料的方法。所综述的方法包括增塑、与可混溶聚合物共混以及通过酯化、醚化、聚合物接枝和共聚进行化学改性。那些木质素基热塑性材料有望作为工程塑料、聚合物泡沫、热塑性弹性体和碳纤维前驱体得到应用。
