Harmon Daniel A, Haas Amie L, Peterkin Alex
Pacific Graduate School of Psychology (PGSP), Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Pacific Graduate School of Psychology (PGSP), Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Addict Behav. 2021 Feb;113:106678. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106678. Epub 2020 Sep 25.
Research on emerging adults shows this population exhibits the highest rates of alcohol use and engages in the riskiest of behaviors (Boyer, 2006; Fromme, Corbin, & Kruse, 2008). Among experimental paradigms, prior reviews have established an increase in behavioral risk taking while under the influence of alcohol (Moskowitz & Robinson, 1988; Martin et al., 2013; Weafer & Fillmore, 2016). Previous research highlighted the importance of alcohol dose on behavioral risk taking and the lack of agreement on which psychometric tools are most accurate in assessing behavioral risk taking (Beulow & Blaine, 2015; King, Toule, De Wit, & Holdstock, 2002). This systematic review of experimental paradigms assessing the effects of the dose of alcohol on various behavioral risk taking tasks suggest that higher alcohol doses (0.6 g/kg and above) produces the most robust increase in behavioral risk taking across tasks, compared to lower doses of alcohol (<0.6 g/kg). Results suggest the BART is the most sensitive behavioral risk task used to detect increases in risk taking in moderate/higher doses compared to lower doses of alcohol. This review also highlights the difficulty in measuring behavioral risk taking, as behavioral risk taking is a complex, multifaceted phenomenon that may involve multiple constructs and means to capture it. Future research is needed to standardize experimental administration protocols, to aid in advancing the field of alcohol administration experiments, and to determine the most accurate measurement of behavioral risk taking. PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE: Past experimental paradigms measuring behavioral risk taking under the influence of alcohol in emerging adults have used various alcohol administration paradigms, experimental protocols, and behavioral risk tasks. Key to examining behavioral risk taking via experimental paradigms should use at higher alcohol doses. Future interventions need to assess for levels of blood alcohol concentration when assessing for at-risk populations for alchol use disorders.
对新兴成年人的研究表明，这一群体的酒精使用率最高，且从事最危险的行为（博耶，2006年；弗罗梅、科尔宾和克鲁泽，2008年）。在实验范式中，先前的综述已证实，在酒精影响下，行为冒险行为会增加（莫斯科维茨和罗宾逊，1988年；马丁等人，2013年；韦弗和菲尔莫尔，2016年）。先前的研究强调了酒精剂量对行为冒险行为的重要性，以及在评估行为冒险行为时，哪种心理测量工具最准确，尚无定论（贝洛和布莱恩，2015年；金、图勒、德威特和霍尔德斯托克，2002年）。这项对评估酒精剂量对各种行为冒险任务影响的实验范式的系统综述表明，与较低剂量的酒精（<0.6克/千克）相比，较高剂量的酒精（0.6克/千克及以上）在各项任务中导致行为冒险行为的增加最为显著。结果表明，与较低剂量的酒精相比，气球模拟风险任务是用于检测中等/较高剂量酒精摄入时冒险行为增加的最敏感的行为风险任务。本综述还强调了测量行为冒险行为的困难，因为行为冒险行为是一个复杂、多方面的现象，可能涉及多种结构和捕捉它的方法。未来需要开展研究，以规范实验给药方案，推动酒精给药实验领域的发展，并确定行为冒险行为的最准确测量方法。公共卫生意义：过去在新兴成年人中测量酒精影响下的行为冒险行为的实验范式使用了各种酒精给药范式、实验方案和行为风险任务。通过实验范式研究行为冒险行为的关键应该是使用更高的酒精剂量。未来的干预措施在评估酒精使用障碍的高危人群时，需要评估血液酒精浓度水平。
