Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaboration for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
J Hypertens. 2021 Apr 1;39(4):651-660. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002688.
Associations between social ties and hypertension are poorly understood in women and men. We investigated the association between marital status, living arrangement, social network size and social participation and hypertension by sex/gender.
Cross-sectional analysis of 28 238 middle-age and old-age adults (45-85 years) was conducted using the baseline Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort data. Blood pressure (BP) was measured using the automated BpTRU device and hypertension was defined as BP more than 140/90 mmHg, or more than 130/80 mmHg in participants with diabetes, self-reported history or receiving antihypertensive therapy.
Being nonpartnered, having limited social participation (≤2 social activities per month) or a small social network size was associated with higher odds of having hypertension in women. Odds of hypertension were higher among widowed women [odds ratio 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.51)] compared with married women. The largest difference in adjusted mean SBP in women was between widowed [3.06 mmHg (95% CI: 2.01, 4.11)], vs. married women. For men, lone-living (vs. coliving) was linked to a lower odds of hypertension [odds ratio 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.96)] When considering two social ties simultaneously, the adverse associations between nonpartnership (mainly for singles and divorced) and BP were mitigated with increased social participation, especially among women.
Social ties appear to be more strongly associated with hypertension in middle and older aged women than men. Women who are nonpartnered or who engage in few social activities and men who are coliving represent at risk groups for having hypertension. Healthcare professionals may need to consider these social factors in addressing risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease prevention.
社会关系与高血压之间的关联在女性和男性中了解甚少。我们通过性别研究了婚姻状况、居住安排、社交网络规模和社交参与度与高血压之间的关系。
使用加拿大纵向老龄化综合队列研究的基线数据，对 28238 名中年和老年成年人（45-85 岁）进行了横断面分析。使用自动 BpTRU 设备测量血压（BP），高血压定义为血压高于 140/90mmHg，或患有糖尿病、有高血压病史或正在接受抗高血压治疗的参与者血压高于 130/80mmHg。
在女性中，非伴侣关系、社交参与度有限（每月≤2 次社交活动）或社交网络规模较小与高血压的发生几率较高相关。与已婚女性相比，丧偶女性的高血压发病几率更高[比值比 1.33（95%置信区间：1.16，1.51）]。女性调整后的平均收缩压差异最大的是丧偶女性[3.06mmHg（95%置信区间：2.01，4.11）]，与已婚女性相比。对于男性，独居（与同居相比）与高血压的发病几率较低相关[比值比 0.85（95%置信区间：0.75，0.96）]。当同时考虑两种社交关系时，非伴侣关系（主要针对单身和离婚者）与 BP 之间的不利关联随着社交参与度的增加而减轻，尤其是在女性中。
社会关系与中年和老年女性高血压的相关性似乎比男性更强。非伴侣关系或社交活动较少的女性以及同居的男性代表了患有高血压的高危人群。医疗保健专业人员在解决高血压风险和预防心血管疾病时可能需要考虑这些社会因素。
