Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 5;11:1274955. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1274955. eCollection 2023.
There is little evidence of the influence of living alone on hypertension risk among men 80 years or older. Additionally, the influence of living alone duration on hypertension risk lacks thorough investigation. Hence, this cohort study examines living alone and its duration's link to hypertension risk in this specific group.
We included 2009 older men aged ≥80 years without hypertension from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in the 2008 wave. Follow-up was conducted in the 2011 wave. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess hypertension risk related to living alone and living alone time.
We included 2,009 older men, with a mean age of 90.7 years (standard deviation: 6.8). Over a median follow-up of 2.9 (1.3-3.0) years, 573 participants (28.5%) developed hypertension. Living alone was significantly associated with a higher hypertension risk than living with family (HR: 1.42; 95% CI 1.11-1.80). When compared to living with family, the hypertension risk was increased in the first quartile of living alone time (0-6.1 years) (HR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.16-2.66), the second quartile (6.1-10.6 years) (HR: 1.56; 95% CI 1.07-2.29), and the third quartile (10.6-19.3 years) (HR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.08-2.55). Surprisingly, no significant association was found in the fourth quartile (≥19.3 years) with hypertension risk. Stratified and Interaction analyses indicated no significant interaction effects between subgroups. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent results.
Living alone was independently associated with an increased risk of hypertension in older men. The highest risk was found in those with the least time alone. These findings imply that social isolation and lack of companionship could be pivotal in hypertension development. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to consider living alone duration when assessing its impact on health outcomes.
关于 80 岁及以上男性独居对高血压风险的影响，证据较少。此外，独居时间对高血压风险的影响也缺乏深入研究。因此，本队列研究旨在探讨该人群中独居及其持续时间与高血压风险之间的关系。
我们纳入了 2008 年中国长寿队列研究中 2009 名年龄≥80 岁且无高血压的男性，随访至 2011 年。多变量 Cox 比例风险模型估计了风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI），以评估独居和独居时间与高血压风险的关系。
我们纳入了 2009 名年龄 90.7±6.8 岁的男性，中位随访时间为 2.9（1.3-3.0）年。在随访期间，573 名参与者（28.5%）发生了高血压。与与家人同住相比，独居与更高的高血压风险相关（HR：1.42；95%CI 1.11-1.80）。与与家人同住相比，独居时间处于第 1 四分位数（0-6.1 年）（HR：1.76；95%CI 1.16-2.66）、第 2 四分位数（6.1-10.6 年）（HR：1.56；95%CI 1.07-2.29）和第 3 四分位数（10.6-19.3 年）（HR：1.66；95%CI 1.08-2.55）的参与者发生高血压的风险增加。令人惊讶的是，独居时间处于第 4 四分位数（≥19.3 年）与高血压风险之间无显著关联。分层和交互分析表明，亚组之间无显著交互作用。敏感性分析得出了一致的结果。
独居与 80 岁及以上男性高血压风险增加独立相关。独居时间最短的人群风险最高。这些发现表明，社会孤立和缺乏陪伴可能在高血压的发生发展中起着关键作用。此外，该研究强调在评估独居对健康结果的影响时，需要考虑独居时间。
