普拉提方法和治疗性运动的实施如何影响演奏弦乐器的儿童的背痛和姿势排列？一项随机对照初步研究。

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate posture in children while playing some string instruments can cause back pain and alterations of the spine. To date, there is no research on the effect of exercise on children who play a musical instrument, although it is known that transversus abdominis muscle control through the Pilates method has shown pain reduction and posture improvement in this population. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the Pilates method combined with therapeutic exercise with respect to therapeutic exercise exclusively in reducing pain and improving postural alignment in children playing string instruments applying a protocol of low dose to increase children's adherence to training. METHODS: A randomized controlled pilot study was designed with two parallel intervention groups. Twenty-five children (10-14 years old) were randomized in two intervention groups: Pilates method with therapeutic exercise (experimental) and therapeutic exercise (control) for 4 weeks (50 min per day, one day per week). Two assessments were performed (before and after treatment) to assess back pain and shoulders and hips alignment using a visual analog scale and the Kinovea program. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were obtained for pain reduction before ( = 0.04) and after ( = 0.01) playing the instrument in the experimental group. There were no significant changes in alignment improvement in any of the two groups. CONCLUSION: The application of a low dose of the Pilates method combined with therapeutic exercise could be a beneficial intervention for pain reduction before and after musical practice in children who play string instruments.

背景：儿童在演奏某些弦乐器时的不当姿势可能会导致背痛和脊柱改变。迄今为止，虽然已知通过普拉提方法控制腹横肌可以减轻该人群的疼痛并改善姿势，但尚无针对演奏乐器的儿童进行运动的效果的研究。

目的：评估普拉提方法与治疗性运动相结合（与仅进行治疗性运动相比）在减轻疼痛和改善演奏弦乐器的儿童的姿势方面的有效性，应用低剂量方案以增加儿童对训练的依从性。

方法：设计了一项随机对照的初步研究，有两个平行的干预组。将 25 名儿童（10-14 岁）随机分为两组干预：普拉提方法与治疗性运动（实验组）和治疗性运动（对照组），共 4 周（每天 50 分钟，每周 1 天）。在治疗前后进行两次评估（治疗前和治疗后），使用视觉模拟量表和 Kinovea 程序评估背部疼痛和肩膀与臀部的对齐情况。

结果：实验组在演奏乐器前后的疼痛减轻方面均获得了统计学上的显著差异（ = 0.04）。两个组在对齐度的改善方面均无明显变化。

结论：低剂量的普拉提方法与治疗性运动相结合的应用可能是一种有益的干预措施，可以减轻演奏弦乐器的儿童在音乐练习前后的疼痛。