University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
Complement Ther Med. 2020 Sep;53:102514. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102514. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect nature exposure has on stress as measured by physiologic markers and self-report.
Researchers searched PubMed and JSTOR. Randomized control trials and cross-sectional studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) included a clinical cohort and controls, and the intervention was nature exposure, either real or simulated; (2) utilized measurements of sympathetic activity or perceived stress; (3) study population consisted of greater than thirty male and female volunteers. Twelve studies were included for data extraction and review.
Researchers conducted this review at University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine.
Researchers measured perceived stress through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Physiologic stress was measured by salivary cortisol, blood pressure (BP), subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC) activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate variability (HRV), muscle tension, heart period, pulse transit time, amygdala and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) activation on fMRI, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and pre-ejection period (PEP).
This review found an inverse relationship between nature exposure and various physiologic markers of stress in all 7 studies measuring physiologic stress. Perceived stress was also affected by higher exposure to nature as indicated by lower self-reports on the PSS and DASS in 5 out of 6 studies measuring perceived stress.
Nature exposure has been widely shown to have a positive effect in reducing stress, both perceived and physiologic.
本系统评价旨在评估自然暴露对生理标志物和自我报告所测应激的影响。
研究人员检索了 PubMed 和 JSTOR。如果符合以下标准，则纳入随机对照试验和横断面研究：1）纳入临床队列和对照，干预措施为自然暴露，无论是真实的还是模拟的；2）使用交感神经活动或感知压力的测量值；3）研究人群由 30 名以上的男性和女性志愿者组成。共有 12 项研究纳入数据提取和综述。
研究人员在南佛罗里达大学 Morsani 医学院进行了此项研究。
研究人员通过感知压力量表（PSS）和抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS）来衡量感知压力。生理应激通过唾液皮质醇、血压（BP）、功能磁共振成像（fMRI）下扣带前回（sgPFC）激活、皮肤电导率（SCL）、心率变异性（HRV）、肌肉张力、心率、脉搏传导时间、fMRI 上杏仁核和前扣带皮层（pACC）激活、呼吸窦性心律失常（RSA）和射血前期（PEP）来测量。
本综述发现，在所有 7 项测量生理应激的研究中，自然暴露与各种生理应激标志物呈负相关。在 5 项测量感知压力的研究中，通过更高的自然暴露量，感知压力也受到影响，表现为 PSS 和 DASS 的自我报告分数更低。
广泛表明，自然暴露对降低感知和生理应激都有积极影响。
