Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2020;356:1-97. doi: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.001. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
Actin cytoskeleton remodeling facilitates and fine-tunes diverse cellular processes. Cells have evolved to use the same building blocks of actin monomers to form filaments through the sequential and synchronous use of actin filament regulators. This is best illustrated in immune cells which rely on a highly dynamic cytoskeleton to patrol the body and recognize and respond to cancer cells. Here, we highlight key actin regulators that are differentially expressed in immune cells and the immune cell biology learned from disease-causing mutations in these actin regulators. Moreover, we discuss two important aspects of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling cancer: the engagement in multiple phases of immune cell activation and effector function as well as the role in cellular transformation. We conclude by reflecting on how these two aspects can be balanced in developing novel chemotherapies.
肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重塑促进和微调了多种细胞过程。细胞已经进化到使用相同的肌动蛋白单体构建模块，通过肌动蛋白丝调节蛋白的顺序和同步使用来形成纤维。免疫细胞就是最好的例证，它们依赖高度动态的细胞骨架来巡逻身体，识别和响应癌细胞。在这里，我们重点介绍了在免疫细胞中差异表达的关键肌动蛋白调节蛋白，以及从这些肌动蛋白调节蛋白的致病突变中获得的免疫细胞生物学知识。此外，我们还讨论了肌动蛋白细胞骨架在控制癌症方面的两个重要方面：参与免疫细胞激活和效应功能的多个阶段，以及在细胞转化中的作用。最后，我们反思了如何在开发新的化疗方法时平衡这两个方面。
