, Dacula, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(7):8594-8605. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11189-x. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Data (N = 10,590) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2005-2016 for US adults aged ≥ 20 years were analyzed to study how concentrations of arsenobetaine (UAB), monomethylarsonic acid (UMMA), dimethylarsenic acid (UDMA), and total arsenic (UAS) in urine vary across the stages of renal function (RF). Data were analyzed over RF-1A (eGFR > 110 mL/min/1.73 m), RF-1B (eGFR between 90 and 110 mL/min/1.73 m), RF-2 (eGFR between 60 and 90 mL/min/1.73 m), RF-3A (eGFR between 45 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m), and RF-3B/4 (eGFR between 15 and 45 mL/min/1.73 m). Adjusted geometric mean (AGM) concentrations of the total population, males, and females for UAS, UAB, and UDMA were observed to follow inverted U-shaped distributions with points of inflection located at RF-3A. For example, adjusted concentrations for the total population for UAS were 8.8, 8.8, 9.5, 11.7, and 9.6 μg/L for those in RF-1A, RF-1B, RF-2, RF-3A, and RF-3B/4 respectively. While statistically significant differences were only occasionally observed, males, in general, had lower AGMs than females for UAS and UDMA, but females had lower AGMs than males for UAB. Among the various racial/ethnic groups, non-Hispanic whites had the lowest adjusted concentrations of all four arsenic variables. Adjusted levels of all four arsenic variables were observed to decrease over survey years of 2005-2006 through 2015-2016. However, statistical significance was not necessarily reached for all RF stages. Smoking was associated with reduced levels of four arsenic variables over RF-1A through RF-2. Diabetes was associated with increased levels of UMMA and UDMA at RF-2.
对 2005-2016 年美国≥20 岁成年人的国家健康和营养检查调查（National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey）数据进行了分析，以研究尿液中砷甜菜碱（UAB）、一甲基砷酸（UMMA）、二甲基砷酸（UDMA）和总砷（UAS）的浓度如何在肾功能（RF）各阶段发生变化。在 RF-1A（eGFR＞110mL/min/1.73m）、RF-1B（eGFR 在 90 至 110mL/min/1.73m 之间）、RF-2（eGFR 在 60 至 90mL/min/1.73m 之间）、RF-3A（eGFR 在 45 至 60mL/min/1.73m 之间）和 RF-3B/4（eGFR 在 15 至 45mL/min/1.73m 之间）对数据进行了分析。观察到总人群、男性和女性的 UAS、UAB 和 UDMA 的调整后的几何平均值（AGM）浓度呈倒 U 形分布，拐点位于 RF-3A。例如，总人群中，UAS 在 RF-1A、RF-1B、RF-2、RF-3A 和 RF-3B/4 的调整浓度分别为 8.8、8.8、9.5、11.7 和 9.6μg/L。尽管偶尔观察到统计学差异，但总体而言，男性的 UAS 和 UDMA 的 AGM 低于女性，而 UAB 的 AGM 低于男性。在各种种族/族裔群体中，非西班牙裔白人的所有四种砷变量的调整浓度最低。观察到所有四种砷变量的调整水平在 2005-2006 年至 2015-2016 年的调查年份中逐渐降低。然而，并非所有 RF 阶段都达到了统计学意义。在 RF-1A 至 RF-2 范围内，吸烟与四种砷变量水平降低有关。在 RF-2，糖尿病与 UMMA 和 UDMA 水平升高有关。
