Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, United States; Empiristat, Inc., Mount Airy, MD, United States.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015 Mar;39(2):651-8. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Association of arsenic exposure with smoking, alcohol, and caffeine consumption was investigated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2005-2010 were used for this investigation. Urinary levels of total arsenic (UAS) and dimethylarsonic acid (UDMA) were evaluated for children aged 6-12 years and adolescents and adults aged ≥ 12 years. Urinary levels of arsenobetaine (UAB) were evaluated for adolescents and adults only. Regression models were fitted for log transformed values of UAB, UAS, and UDMA. For the models for children, however, gender, race/ethnicity, SES, and fish/shell fish consumption during the last 30 days were the only independent variables that were included in the models. Nonsmokers were found to have higher levels of UAS and UDMA than smokers. Elevated levels of UAB, UAS, and UDMA were associated with higher amounts of daily alcohol consumption. The associations were in the opposite direction for daily caffeine consumption. Females were found to have statistically significantly lower adjusted levels of UDMA than males for those aged ≥ 12 years. Irrespective of age, those with unclassified race/ethnicity had the highest levels of UAB, UAS, and UDMA and non-Hispanic whites had the lowest levels. Adolescents had the higher levels of UAB, UAS, and UDMA than adults. Higher SES was associated with higher levels of UAB, UAS, and UDMA among adolescents and adults. Irrespective of age, fish consumption was associated with higher levels of UAB, UAS, and UDMA.
本研究旨在探讨砷暴露与吸烟、饮酒和咖啡因摄入之间的关系。研究数据来源于 2005-2010 年的国家健康与营养调查。我们评估了 6-12 岁儿童和 12 岁及以上青少年及成年人的尿总砷（UAS）和二甲基砷酸（UDMA）水平，以及青少年及成年人的尿砷甜菜碱（UAB）水平。对于儿童模型，除性别、种族/民族、社会经济地位（SES）和过去 30 天内的鱼类/贝类摄入情况外，未纳入其他自变量。与吸烟者相比，不吸烟者的 UAS 和 UDMA 水平更高。UAB、UAS 和 UDMA 水平升高与每日饮酒量增加有关，而与每日咖啡因摄入量减少有关。与男性相比，12 岁及以上女性的 UDMA 水平明显较低。无论年龄大小，未分类种族/民族的 UAB、UAS 和 UDMA 水平最高，而非西班牙裔白人的水平最低。青少年的 UAB、UAS 和 UDMA 水平高于成年人。青少年和成年人中，SES 较高与 UAB、UAS 和 UDMA 水平较高有关。无论年龄大小，鱼类摄入与 UAB、UAS 和 UDMA 水平升高有关。
