School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, New South Wales, Australia.
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, ACT 2600, Australia.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020 Dec 7;375(1813):20200065. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0065. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Two decades ago, von Schantz . (von Schantz T, Bensch S, Grahn M, Hasselquist D, Wittzell H. 1999 Good genes, oxidative stress and condition-dependent sexual signals. 266, 1-12. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1999.0597)) united oxidative stress (OS) biology with sexual selection and life-history theory. This set the scene for analysis of how evolutionary trade-offs may be mediated by the increase in reactive molecules resulting from metabolic processes at reproduction. Despite 30 years of research on OS effects on infertility in humans, one research area that has been left behind in this integration of evolution and OS biology is postcopulatory sexual selection-this integration is long overdue. We review the basic mechanisms in OS biology, why mitochondria are the primary source of ROS and ATP production during oxidative metabolism, and why sperm, and its performance, is uniquely susceptible to OS. We also review how postcopulatory processes select for antioxidation in seminal fluids to counter OS and the implications of the net outcome of these processes on sperm damage, sperm storage, and female and oocyte manipulation of sperm metabolism and repair of DNA to enhance offspring fitness. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fifty years of sperm competition'.
二十年前，冯·沙赞（von Schantz）将氧化应激（OS）生物学与性选择和生活史理论结合起来。这为分析代谢过程中产生的反应性分子增加如何介导进化权衡奠定了基础。尽管人类不孕的 OS 效应已经研究了 30 年，但在进化与 OS 生物学的融合中，有一个研究领域被忽视了，那就是——后交配性选择。这种融合早就应该进行了。我们回顾了 OS 生物学的基本机制，为什么在线粒体氧化代谢过程中，线粒体是 ROS 和 ATP 产生的主要来源，以及为什么精子及其性能特别容易受到 OS 的影响。我们还回顾了后交配过程如何选择精液中的抗氧化剂来对抗 OS，以及这些过程的净结果对精子损伤、精子储存以及雌性和卵子对精子代谢的操纵和修复 DNA 以增强后代适应性的影响。本文是主题为“精子竞争五十年”的特刊的一部分。
