Taiwo A O
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery/Dental & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University/Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2020 Jun;18(1):S9-S15.
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is the 2 most common craniofacial birth defect after cleft lip and palate. It is said to arise from the 1 & 2 intrauterine branchial arches. HFM is believed by many experts to be congenital but not inherited as most patients afflicted have no previous family history. It also known as craniofacial microstomia with cranial involvement. The real cause is unknown but largely blamed on hemorrhage of the stapaedial artery. The phenotypic expression is variable from mild to severe involving many structures such as bone, nerve, muscular tissues and soft tissue. Facial structures commonly affected include the ears, the mouth and the mandible. Mostly unilateral but bilateral have been reported. However, not much is known about this condition in sub-Saharan Africa. Multidisciplinary team management is the general consensus for optimal care. Awareness in sub-Saharan Africa of this disorder is still evolving. This review identifies various classifications, diagnoses, investigations, treatment and timelines for management of HFM. The aim of the current review was to discuss the diverse controversies, classification, diagnosis and treatment of HFM so as to increase the understanding of this condition.
半侧颜面短小畸形（HFM）是仅次于唇腭裂的第二常见颅面先天性缺陷。据说它起源于子宫内的第1和第2鳃弓。许多专家认为HFM是先天性的，但不是遗传性的，因为大多数患病患者没有家族病史。它也被称为伴有颅骨受累的颅面小口畸形。真正病因不明，但很大程度上归咎于镫骨动脉出血。其表型表现从轻度到重度各不相同，涉及许多结构，如骨骼、神经、肌肉组织和软组织。常见受影响的面部结构包括耳朵、嘴巴和下颌骨。大多为单侧，但也有双侧的报道。然而，在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，人们对这种疾病了解不多。多学科团队管理是实现最佳治疗效果的普遍共识。撒哈拉以南非洲地区对这种疾病的认识仍在不断发展。本综述确定了HFM管理的各种分类、诊断、检查、治疗及时间安排。当前综述的目的是讨论HFM的各种争议、分类、诊断和治疗，以增进对这种疾病的了解。
