Cho Won-Bum, So Soonku, Han Eun-Kyeong, Myeong Hyeon-Ho, Park Jong-Soo, Hwang Seung-Hyun, Kim Joo-Hwan, Lee Jung-Hyun
Department of Biology Education Chonnam National University Gwangju Korea.
Ecosystem Research Division Korea National Park Research Institute Wonju Korea.
Ecol Evol. 2020 Aug 24;10(19):10449-10462. doi: 10.1002/ece3.6700. eCollection 2020 Oct.
The high genetic diversity of rear-edge refugia populations is predicted to have resulted from species repeatedly migrating to low latitudes during glacial periods over the course of Quaternary climate change. However, several recent empirical studies of cold-tolerant plants revealed the opposite pattern. We investigated whether current habitats of the cold-adapted and range-restricted in the Baekdudaegan, South Korea, and North Korea could be interglacial refugia, and documented how their rear-edge populations differ genetically from those of typical temperate species. Phylogeographic analysis and ecological niche modeling (ENM) were used. The genetic structure was analyzed using microsatellite markers and chloroplast DNA sequences. The congener was included as a typical temperate plant species. Despite having almost identical life history traits, these congeneric species exhibited contrasting patterns of genetic diversity. ENM revealed an apparent maximum range contraction during the last interglacial. In contrast, its range expanded northward to the Russian Far East (Primorsky) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Thus, we hypothesize that retreated to its current refugia during interglacial periods. Unlike populations in the central region, the rear-edge populations were genetically impoverished and uniform, both within populations and in pooled regional populations. The rear-edge survived at least one past interglacial, contributing to the species' genetic diversity. We believe that such genetic variation in the cold-adapted gives the species the necessary adaptations to survive an upcoming favorable environment (the next glacial), unless there is artificial environmental change.
预计后缘避难所种群的高遗传多样性是在第四纪气候变化过程中，物种在冰川期反复向低纬度迁移的结果。然而，最近几项对耐寒植物的实证研究揭示了相反的模式。我们调查了韩国和朝鲜太白山脉适应寒冷且分布范围受限的植物的当前栖息地是否可能是间冰期避难所，并记录了它们的后缘种群在基因上与典型温带物种的后缘种群有何不同。我们采用了系统发育地理学分析和生态位建模（ENM）方法。利用微卫星标记和叶绿体DNA序列分析遗传结构。将同属植物作为典型温带植物物种纳入研究。尽管这些同属物种具有几乎相同的生活史特征，但它们表现出了截然不同的遗传多样性模式。生态位建模显示在上一个间冰期期间出现了明显的最大范围收缩。相比之下，在末次盛冰期期间，其分布范围向北扩展到了俄罗斯远东地区（滨海边疆区）。因此，我们推测该植物在间冰期退缩到了其当前的避难所。与中部地区的种群不同，后缘种群在种群内部以及合并的区域种群中，遗传多样性都较低且较为一致。后缘种群至少在过去的一个间冰期存活了下来，为该物种的遗传多样性做出了贡献。我们认为，这种适应寒冷的植物的遗传变异赋予了该物种必要的适应性，使其能够在即将到来的有利环境（下一个冰川期）中生存，除非发生人为环境变化。
