Shen Mengyi, Shen Yi, Fan Xiaoli, Men Ruoting, Ye Tinghong, Yang Li
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Laboratory of Liver Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 Sep 24;7:583691. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.583691. eCollection 2020.
Exosomes are small discoid extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from endosomes that are 30-150 nm in diameter and have a double lipid layer. They participate in the immune response, cell migration, cell differentiation, and tumor invasion and mediate intercellular communication, regulating the biological activity of receptor cells through the proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that they carry. Exosomes also play vital roles in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Macrophages, which show unique phenotypes and functions in complex microenvironments, can be divided into M1 and M2 subtypes. M1 macrophages function in immune surveillance, and M2 macrophages downregulate the immune response. Recent studies have shown that macrophages are involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that liver diseases are associated with exosomes derived from or transferred to macrophages. This review focuses on the participation of macrophages and exosomes in liver diseases.
外泌体是源自内体的小型盘状细胞外囊泡（EVs），直径为30-150nm，具有双脂质层。它们参与免疫反应、细胞迁移、细胞分化和肿瘤侵袭，并介导细胞间通讯，通过其所携带的蛋白质、核酸和脂质调节受体细胞的生物活性。外泌体在肝脏疾病的诊断和治疗中也发挥着重要作用。巨噬细胞在复杂的微环境中表现出独特的表型和功能，可分为M1和M2亚型。M1巨噬细胞在免疫监视中发挥作用，而M2巨噬细胞下调免疫反应。最近的研究表明，巨噬细胞参与非酒精性脂肪性肝病、肝纤维化和肝细胞癌。此外，多项研究表明，肝脏疾病与源自巨噬细胞或转移至巨噬细胞的外泌体有关。本综述重点关注巨噬细胞和外泌体在肝脏疾病中的参与情况。
