Perforated and Endothelialized Elastomeric Tubes for Vascular Modeling.

We report the fabrication of a tubular polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform containing arrays of small pores on the wall for modeling blood vessels . The thin PDMS tubes are produced following our previously reported templating approach, while the pores are subsequently generated using focused laser ablation. As such, when these perforated PDMS tube are populated with a monolayer of endothelial cells on the interior surfaces and embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like environment, the endothelial cells can sprout out from the tubes into the surrounding matrix through the open pores. When a pair of perforated PDMS tubes are placed in parallel in the matrix, formation of an interconnected network of microvasculature or larger vessels occurs, which is dependent on the flow dynamics within the PDMS tubes. Moreover, when co-cultured with tumor spheroids, the onset of tumor angiogenesis is observed. Our perforated and endothelialized PDMS tubes are believed to enable convenient vascular modeling and will likely contribute to improved biological studies as well as therapeutic screening.