East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China.
School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
J Food Sci. 2020 Nov;85(11):3690-3699. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15503. Epub 2020 Oct 18.
Antarctic krill protein (AKP) was extracted from Antarctic krill by an alkali dissolution-isoelectric precipitation method and then it was phosphorylated with sodium tripolyphosphate. The phosphorylated Antarctic krill protein (P-AKP) powder was obtained by spray-drying (SD), freeze-drying (FD), and hot-air drying (AD), and the effects of these drying methods on the structures and functional properties of proteins were investigated. The P-AKP powder dried by SD had the best sensory performance, and its particle size was much smaller than that of FD and AD. Scanning electron microscope displayed a uniform particle size of SD powder and the particles were uniformly dispersed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a higher crystallinity of SD sample than AD and FD. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis revealed that SD sample had the best thermal stability and less protein denaturation (ΔH = 210.80 J/g), followed by FD (ΔH = 80.48 J/g) and AD (ΔH = 73.94 J/g; P < 0.05). Fourier transform infrared showed that SD sample contained more protein secondary structure. Compared with SD, the phosphorylated group-related chemical bonds in FD and AD samples were partially destroyed. SD sample had the highest protein solubility, oil absorption capacity, emulsifying, and foaming activities than FD and AD (P < 0.05). Although FD had the highest water absorption capacity, sample prepared with AD had the worst functional performance. Therefore, different drying methods used for preparation of the P-AKP can affect its physicochemical and associated functional properties, and SD could be an appropriate drying method for the industrial mass production of P-AKP powders with better functionalities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The optimal drying method for preparing the phosphorylated Antarctic krill protein (P-AKP) powder was proved to be spray-drying (SD), because the physicochemical and functional properties were better for P-AKP dried by SD than the other drying methods. Hence, SD was recommended for the industrial mass production of P-AKP powders with better functionalities. This research can provide theoretical guidance for the further processing and utilization of P-AKP, and offer technical reference for food processing and preservation.
南极磷虾蛋白（AKP）通过碱溶解-等电沉淀法从南极磷虾中提取，然后用三聚磷酸钠进行磷酸化。通过喷雾干燥（SD）、冷冻干燥（FD）和热风干燥（AD）获得磷酸化南极磷虾蛋白（P-AKP）粉末，并研究了这些干燥方法对蛋白质结构和功能特性的影响。SD 干燥的 P-AKP 粉末具有最佳的感官性能，其粒径明显小于 FD 和 AD。扫描电子显微镜显示 SD 粉末具有均匀的粒径，颗粒均匀分散。X 射线衍射分析表明，SD 样品的结晶度高于 AD 和 FD。差示扫描量热法分析表明，SD 样品具有最佳的热稳定性和较少的蛋白质变性（ΔH = 210.80 J/g），其次是 FD（ΔH = 80.48 J/g）和 AD（ΔH = 73.94 J/g；P < 0.05）。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明，SD 样品含有更多的蛋白质二级结构。与 SD 相比，FD 和 AD 样品中与磷酸基团相关的化学键部分被破坏。与 SD 相比，SD 样品的蛋白质溶解度、吸油性、乳化性和起泡性最高（P < 0.05）。尽管 FD 具有最高的吸水性，但 AD 制备的样品功能性能最差。因此，用于制备 P-AKP 的不同干燥方法会影响其物理化学和相关功能特性，SD 可能是工业大规模生产具有更好功能特性的 P-AKP 粉末的合适干燥方法。
证明用于制备磷酸化南极磷虾蛋白（P-AKP）粉末的最佳干燥方法是喷雾干燥（SD），因为 SD 干燥的 P-AKP 的物理化学和功能特性优于其他干燥方法。因此，建议使用 SD 进行具有更好功能特性的 P-AKP 粉末的工业大规模生产。本研究可为 P-AKP 的进一步加工利用提供理论指导，为食品加工和保藏提供技术参考。
