Department of Optometry and Visual Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi.
Jachie Eye Hospital, Jachie, Ashanti Region, Ghana.
J Glaucoma. 2021 Feb 1;30(2):180-186. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001713.
Dry eye disease (DED) observed in this study is associated with ocular surface abnormalities as shown by specific dry eye tests. Changes in tear quality may be responsible for dry eye symptoms among the participants.
This study sought to evaluate DED in glaucoma patients in Ghana.
This was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study involving glaucoma patients on topical glaucoma treatment for at least 6 months. The medical records of participants were thoroughly reviewed for information on demographics, ocular history, medical history, number of topical antiglaucoma medications used within the last 6 months, and any other ophthalmic medications used by the participants. An Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was administered to each participant, after which Schirmer test and tear break-up time (TBUT) were performed on each participant in a controlled environment.
A total of 100 individuals participated in the study. The mean±SD age of participants was 60.44±14.05 years. The majority (60.0%) of the participants were females and 55.0% of participants used 2 or more topical antiglaucoma medication. Of the participants, 81.0% reported subjective dry eye symptoms. Schirmer test and TBUT showed that 55.0% and 87.0% of the participants had decreased tear production and abnormal tear quality, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed a significant association between age and abnormal OSDI (P=0.037), Schirmer test (P=0.003), and TBUT (P=0.042); the number of topical glaucoma medications and OSDI (P=0.016) and Schirmer test (P=0.009). The prevalence of DED was 23.0%. Increasing age was associated with an ∼7 times higher odds of having DED (P=0.0019), using >2 glaucoma medications with ∼4.5 times higher odds of having DED (P=0.001), 5 or more years of glaucoma medication use with ∼4 times higher odds of DED (P=0.009), and both benzalkonium chloride and sodium chlorite as preservative was associated with ∼3.5 times higher odds of DED (P=0.047).
DED is prevalent among glaucoma patients in Ghana and is associated with age, duration of glaucoma medication, type of preservatives, and number of topical glaucoma medications.
本研究中观察到的干眼症（DED）与特定干眼测试所示的眼表面异常有关。参与者的干眼症状可能与泪液质量的变化有关。
本研究旨在评估加纳青光眼患者的 DED。
这是一项基于医院的描述性横断面研究，涉及至少接受 6 个月局部青光眼治疗的青光眼患者。详细审查参与者的病历，以获取人口统计学、眼部病史、病史、过去 6 个月内使用的局部抗青光眼药物数量以及参与者使用的任何其他眼科药物的信息。向每位参与者发放眼表面疾病指数（OSDI）问卷，然后在受控环境下对每位参与者进行泪液分泌试验（Schirmer 试验）和泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）。
共有 100 人参与了这项研究。参与者的平均年龄±标准差为 60.44±14.05 岁。大多数（60.0%）参与者为女性，55.0%的参与者使用 2 种或更多种局部抗青光眼药物。81.0%的参与者报告有主观干眼症状。Schirmer 试验和 TBUT 显示，分别有 55.0%和 87.0%的参与者泪液产生减少和泪液质量异常。多变量逻辑回归显示，年龄与异常 OSDI（P=0.037）、Schirmer 试验（P=0.003）和 TBUT（P=0.042）之间存在显著关联；局部青光眼药物的数量与 OSDI（P=0.016）和 Schirmer 试验（P=0.009）之间存在显著关联。DED 的患病率为 23.0%。年龄增长与 DED 的发生风险增加约 7 倍（P=0.0019），使用 >2 种青光眼药物与 DED 的发生风险增加约 4.5 倍（P=0.001），使用青光眼药物 5 年或以上与 DED 的发生风险增加约 4 倍（P=0.009），且含有苯扎氯铵和亚氯酸钠的防腐剂与 DED 的发生风险增加约 3.5 倍（P=0.047）相关。
DED 在加纳的青光眼患者中较为普遍，与年龄、青光眼药物使用时间、防腐剂类型和局部青光眼药物数量有关。
