Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 5;24(1):2111. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19616-1.
A cross-sectional population-based survey in the Beichen district of Tianjin was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) among the population over 50 years old with Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II and Chinese expert consensus (CEC) criteria.
A total of 5791 subjects over 50 years old were enrolled. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, lipid layer thickness (LLT), partial blink ratio (PBR), fluorescein tear film breakup time (FBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), fluorescein staining, meibomian gland dropout, meibomian gland expression scores (MES) and quantity scores (MQS) was assessed. Additionally, basic information, weight, disease history, living habits, anxiety, and depression condition were collected.
According to the CEC, the prevalence of DED was 39.0%, whereas 44.0% based on DEWS II. The prevalence of DED increased with age and was substantially greater among women (41.1%, 95% CI, 39.5-42.6%) than males (35.1%, 95% CI, 33.1 -37.2%) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the severity of DED was more severe in women (p = 0.006). The associated risk factors were age, female, depression, smoking, insomnia, and glaucoma. On the other hand, 53.6% of these populations were diagnosed as asymptomatic DED, and the morbidity was higher in males (p = 0.007).
The prevalence of DED in China was relatively high, which was associated with aging, female(sex), depression, smoking and sleep problems. Hence, it is crucial for clinicians and caregivers to be aware of the existence of asymptomatic DED within the susceptible population.
本研究采用横断面基于人群的调查方法，对天津市北辰区 50 岁及以上人群进行问卷调查和眼部检查，应用 DEWS II 标准和中国专家共识（CEC）标准评估干眼病（DED）的患病率。
共纳入 5791 名 50 岁及以上的受试者。评估眼部疾病指数（OSDI）问卷、泪膜脂质层厚度（LLT）、瞬目不完全眨眼比例（PBR）、泪膜破裂时间（FBUT）、泪液分泌试验（SIT）、荧光素染色、睑板腺缺失、睑板腺形态评分（MQS）和表达评分（MES）。同时收集基本信息、体重、疾病史、生活习惯、焦虑、抑郁状况。
根据 CEC，DED 的患病率为 39.0%，而根据 DEWS II 标准，DED 的患病率为 44.0%。DED 的患病率随年龄增长而增加，女性（41.1%，95%CI：39.5-42.6%）显著高于男性（35.1%，95%CI：33.1-37.2%）（p<0.001）。此外，女性 DED 的严重程度更高（p=0.006）。相关的危险因素包括年龄、女性、抑郁、吸烟、失眠和青光眼。另一方面，这些人群中有 53.6%被诊断为无症状 DED，且男性的发病率更高（p=0.007）。
中国 DED 的患病率相对较高，与年龄增长、女性（性别）、抑郁、吸烟和睡眠问题有关。因此，临床医生和护理人员应意识到易感人群中无症状 DED 的存在。
