Moore L G
Ann Emerg Med. 1987 Sep;16(9):965-73. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(87)80742-4.
Nearly 40 million persons worldwide live permanently at elevation above 8,000 ft (2,439 m) and perhaps as great a number visit high-altitude regions annually. Health effects include the well-recognized altitude-specific syndromes of acute mountain sickness and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Emphasis is placed in this article on altitude-aggravated illness or those preexisting conditions that may be adversely affected by reduced O2 availability at high altitude. Examples from studies of pregnant women and their infants at high altitude are reviewed to demonstrate the effect of high altitude on maternal and fetal well-being. Increased maternal ventilation and ventilatory response to hypoxia during pregnancy at 10,200 ft (3,110 m) and 14,200 ft (4,329 m) raised arterial O2 saturation, helped to preserve arterial O2 content at levels present when nonpregnant, and correlated positively with the offspring's birth weight. Fetal growth retardation and an increased incidence of the complications of pre-eclampsia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia at high altitude suggested that altitude may aggravate complications of pregnancy and prenatal life. Other conditions that may be aggravated at high altitude are reviewed. Virtually all studies on altitude-aggravated illness have been conducted on permanent residents. Future studies should seek to determine whether high altitude aggravates pre-existing conditions among the large and growing number of high-altitude visitors.
全球近4000万人长期生活在海拔8000英尺（2439米）以上的地区，每年前往高海拔地区旅游的人数可能与此相当。健康影响包括人们熟知的特定海拔综合征，如急性高原病和高原肺水肿。本文重点关注海拔加剧的疾病或那些可能因高海拔地区氧气供应减少而受到不利影响的既有病症。文中回顾了对高海拔地区孕妇及其婴儿的研究实例，以证明高海拔对母婴健康的影响。在海拔10200英尺（3110米）和14200英尺（4329米）的地区，孕妇孕期的通气增加以及对低氧的通气反应增强，提高了动脉血氧饱和度，有助于将动脉血氧含量维持在非孕期的水平，并且与后代出生体重呈正相关。高海拔地区胎儿生长受限以及先兆子痫和新生儿高胆红素血症并发症的发生率增加，表明海拔可能会加重妊娠和产前生活的并发症。文中还回顾了其他可能在高海拔地区加重的病症。几乎所有关于海拔加剧疾病的研究都是针对常住居民进行的。未来的研究应致力于确定高海拔是否会加重大量且不断增加的高海拔游客的既有病症。
