Emerson Natacha D, Bursch Brenda
UCLA Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, UCLA Semel 48-241, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA.
Children (Basel). 2020 Oct 15;7(10):184. doi: 10.3390/children7100184.
Pain experiences can negatively impact children and adolescents, leading to trauma symptoms and nonadherence to important health behaviors. Developmentally-tailored communication strategies may mitigate this risk.
This article reviews cognitive and linguistic developmental factors, within the familial and cultural context, that are important to consider when communicating with youth about acute, procedural, and/or chronic pain.
Youth undergoing acute or procedural pain benefit from pain education, truthful information about the procedure, and advance preparation. The use of analogies may be particularly helpful for patient understanding of chronic pain development, maintenance, and treatment. Youth with developmental disabilities may express pain differently than their normative peers, requiring adaptation of communication strategies.
Developmentally-tailored pain communication is an important tool for caregivers and healthcare providers that may foster adaptive functioning in youth who experience pain.
疼痛体验会对儿童和青少年产生负面影响，导致创伤症状以及不遵守重要的健康行为。针对不同发育阶段量身定制的沟通策略可能会降低这种风险。
本文回顾了在家庭和文化背景下，与青少年沟通急性、程序性和/或慢性疼痛时需要考虑的重要认知和语言发展因素。
经历急性或程序性疼痛的青少年会从疼痛教育、关于该程序的真实信息以及提前准备中受益。使用类比可能对患者理解慢性疼痛的发展、维持和治疗特别有帮助。发育障碍的青少年可能与正常同龄人表达疼痛的方式不同，这就需要调整沟通策略。
针对不同发育阶段量身定制的疼痛沟通是护理人员和医疗保健提供者的一项重要工具，可能会促进经历疼痛的青少年的适应性功能。
