Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongparo47gil, Yongsan-Gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Oct 15;21(20):7623. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207623.
Osteoporosis is the most common chronic metabolic bone disease. It has been estimated that more than 10 million people in the United States and 200 million men and women worldwide have osteoporosis. Given that the aging population is rapidly increasing in many countries, osteoporosis could become a global challenge with an impact on the quality of life of the affected individuals. Osteoporosis can be defined as a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures due to the deterioration of the bone architecture. Thus, the major goal of treatment is to reduce the risk for fractures. There are several treatment options, mostly medications that can control disease progression in risk groups, such as postmenopausal women and elderly men. Recent studies on the basic molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of osteoporosis have identified novel therapeutic targets. Emerging therapies targeting novel disease mechanisms could provide powerful approaches for osteoporosis management in the future. Here, we review the etiology of osteoporosis and the molecular mechanism of bone remodeling, present current pharmacological options, and discuss emerging therapies targeting novel mechanisms, investigational treatments, and new promising therapeutic approaches.
骨质疏松症是最常见的慢性代谢性骨病。据估计，美国有超过 1000 万人，全世界有 2 亿男性和女性患有骨质疏松症。鉴于许多国家的人口老龄化速度正在迅速加快，骨质疏松症可能成为一个全球性挑战，影响到受影响个体的生活质量。骨质疏松症可以定义为一种以骨密度低和骨折风险增加为特征的疾病，这是由于骨结构恶化所致。因此，治疗的主要目标是降低骨折风险。有几种治疗选择，主要是药物，可以控制绝经后妇女和老年男性等高危人群的疾病进展。最近对骨质疏松症的基础分子机制和临床意义的研究确定了新的治疗靶点。针对新疾病机制的新兴治疗方法可能为未来的骨质疏松症管理提供有力方法。在这里，我们回顾了骨质疏松症的病因和骨重建的分子机制，介绍了目前的药理学选择，并讨论了针对新机制的新兴治疗方法、正在研究的治疗方法以及新的有前途的治疗方法。
