Effects of the Appropriate Addition of Antioxidants from and Extracts on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation.

This study aimed to investigate the optimal addition of terpene-based and extracts, with antioxidant and methane reduction effects, as feed supplements to ruminants. Two cannulated steers (450 ± 30 kg), consuming Timothy Hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, ) twice daily (at 09:00 and 17:30) at 2% of body weight, with free access to water and a mineral block, were used as rumen fluid donors. fermentation experiments, with Timothy Hay as the substrate, were conducted with and extracts as supplements to achieve concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 mg/L on a Timothy Hay basis. decreased in proportion upon and extract supplementation at 50 mg/L, while the dry matter degradability of the feed was not significantly different ( < 0.05). Methane emission was significantly lower in the 50 and 70 mg/L treatment groups, for both extracts, at 12 h ( < 0.05). Based on methane production and antioxidant activity, our study suggests that 30 mg/L addition is the most appropriate level of supplementation.