Department of spinal cord injury Rehabilitation, Sint Maartenskliniek, P.O. box 9011, 6500, GM, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
BMC Psychol. 2020 Oct 19;8(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00474-6.
Self-efficacy is an important determinant of adjustment following spinal cord injury. Self-efficacy is defined as the belief that one can successfully execute behavior required to produce the desired outcomes. In its original conceptualization, self-efficacy refers to the confidence that people have in their ability to accomplish specific tasks and behaviors within a specific context. Over the years these situation specific aspects have been unconfined and multiple constructs of self-efficacy have been proposed. The most common is a division in trait and state self-efficacy. Another used division that is utilized is between general, domain-specific and task-specific self-efficacy. The scientific support for these constructs is to date still unclear. The objective of this study was to enhance the understanding of the self-efficacy construct by comparing four self-efficacy scales designed to measure three aspects of self-efficacy (general versus domain-specific versus task-specific) in people with spinal cord injury.
Dutch and Australian adults with spinal cord injury (N = 140) completed four frequently used self-efficacy scales; the Moorong Self-efficacy Scale, General Self-efficacy Scale, University of Washington Self-efficacy Scale and a Self-care Self-efficacy Scale approximately 6 months after their inpatient rehabilitation. Pearson correlations examined inter-relationships between the scales.
Hypothesized strong correlations between scales measuring similar aspects of self-efficacy were found (correlations 0.50-0.65). However, the hypothesized weak to moderate correlations between scales measuring diverging aspects of self-efficacy were only partly found (correlations 0.31-0.74), with 7 out of 12 correlations being strong instead of moderate.
The expected distinctions between the three aspects of self-efficacy was not demonstrated. All four scales measure a common latent construct, most likely general self-efficacy aspects. Further research is necessary to find ways to improve the measurement of domain-specific and task-specific aspects of SE, so that they are sensitive enough to capture change over time, and thus enhance clinical outcomes of people with SCI as they adjust to their disability.
自我效能感是脊髓损伤后调整的一个重要决定因素。自我效能感是指对一个人能够成功执行产生所需结果的行为的信念。在最初的概念化中，自我效能感是指人们对自己在特定情境中完成特定任务和行为的能力的信心。多年来，这些特定情境的方面已经不受限制，并且已经提出了多种自我效能感结构。最常见的是特质和状态自我效能感的划分。另一个被使用的划分是一般、领域特定和任务特定自我效能感之间的划分。这些结构的科学支持到目前为止仍然不清楚。本研究的目的是通过比较四种旨在测量脊髓损伤患者三个方面的自我效能感（一般、领域特定和任务特定）的自我效能感量表，来增强对自我效能感结构的理解。
荷兰和澳大利亚的脊髓损伤成年人（N=140）在他们的住院康复后大约 6 个月完成了四种常用的自我效能感量表；莫朗自我效能感量表、一般自我效能感量表、华盛顿大学自我效能感量表和自我护理自我效能感量表。Pearson 相关分析检验了量表之间的相互关系。
发现了测量相似自我效能感方面的量表之间的假设强相关（相关系数 0.50-0.65）。然而，只发现了测量不同自我效能感方面的量表之间的假设弱到中度相关（相关系数 0.31-0.74），12 个相关中有 7 个是强相关而不是中度相关。
没有证明预期的自我效能感三个方面之间的区别。这四个量表都测量了一个共同的潜在结构，最有可能是一般的自我效能感方面。需要进一步研究，以找到提高 SE 领域特定和任务特定方面测量的方法，以便它们足够敏感地捕捉随时间的变化，从而增强脊髓损伤患者适应残疾的临床结果。
