São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Botucatu, Brazil.
São Paulo State University (Unesp), Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), Botucatu, Brazil.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2020 Nov;94:103245. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103245. Epub 2020 Sep 3.
In this retrospective study, clinical records of nine horses with a diagnosis of Bothrops envenomation were investigated. The accidents were classified as severe (5/9), moderate (2/9), or mild (2/9) according to the adapted bothropic snakebite severity score (BSSS). All snakebites were on the head region. The main clinical signs were local edema, blood coagulation disorders, and respiratory distress. The whole-blood clotting time (WBCT) was prolonged in all horses, and five horses presented with uncoagulable blood. All horses received specific snake antivenom according to the BSSS (six vials for severe, four vials for moderate, and two vials for mild accidents), and emergency tracheotomy was required in six horses because of respiratory distress. One horse died after eight days of hospitalization, whereas the others were discharged after nine days of hospitalization. The BSSS plus the WBCT were useful in determining the prognosis and the amount and frequency of antivenom therapy. Snakebite accidents are emergency cases; therefore, rapid and efficient therapeutic intervention will reflect positively on the prognosis.
在这项回顾性研究中，调查了 9 例被诊断为矛头蝮蛇咬伤的马的临床记录。根据改良的矛头蝮蛇咬伤严重程度评分（BSSS），这些事故被分为严重（5/9）、中度（2/9）或轻度（2/9）。所有的蛇伤都发生在头部区域。主要的临床症状是局部水肿、凝血功能障碍和呼吸窘迫。所有马的全血凝固时间（WBCT）都延长，5 匹马的血液无法凝固。所有马都根据 BSSS 接受了特定的蛇毒抗血清（严重者 6 瓶，中度者 4 瓶，轻度者 2 瓶），6 匹马因呼吸窘迫需要紧急气管切开术。1 匹马在住院 8 天后死亡，而其他马在住院 9 天后出院。BSSS 加 WBCT 有助于确定预后以及抗蛇毒血清治疗的剂量和频率。蛇咬伤事故是紧急情况；因此，快速有效的治疗干预将对预后产生积极影响。
