Zhu Jinxiu, Ying Wenjuan, Zhang Li, Peng Gangyi, Chen Weiju, Anto Enoch Odame, Wang Xueqing, Lu Nan, Gao Shanshan, Wu Guihai, Yan Jingyi, Ye Jianfeng, Wu Shenglin, Yu Chengzhi, Yue Minghui, Huang Xiru, Xu Nuo, Ying Pengxiang, Chen Yanhong, Tan Xuerui, Wang Wei
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China.
Institute of Clinical Electrocardiography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong China.
EPMA J. 2020 Oct 14;11(4):551-563. doi: 10.1007/s13167-020-00225-y. eCollection 2020 Dec.
Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a reversible state between ideal health and illness and it can be effectively reversed by risk prediction, disease prevention, and personalized medicine under the global background of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) concepts. More and more Chinese nurses have been troubled by psychological symptoms (PS). The correlation between PS and SHS is unclear in nurses. The purpose of current study is to investigate the prevalence of SHS and PS in Chinese nurses and the relationship between SHS and PS along with predisposing factors as well as to discuss the feasibility of improving health status and preventing diseases according to PPPM concepts in Chinese nurses.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 9793 registered nurses in Foshan city, China. SHS was evaluated with the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). Meanwhile, the PS of depression and anxiety were evaluated with Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) self-assessment questionnaires. The relationship between PS and SHS in Chinese nurses was subsequently analyzed.
Among the 9793 participants, 6107 nurses were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of SHS in the participants was 74.21% (4532/6107) while the symptoms of depression and anxiety were 47.62% (2908/6107) and 24.59% (1502/6107) respectively. The prevalence of SHS in the participants with depression and anxiety was significantly higher than those without the symptoms of depression (83.3% vs 16.7%, < 0.001) and anxiety (94.2% vs 5.8%, < 0.0001). The ratio of exercise habit was significantly lower than that of non-exercise habit (68.8% vs 78.4%, < 0.001) in SHS group.
There is a high prevalence of SHS and PS in Chinese nurses. PS in Chinese nurses are associated with SHS. Physical exercise is a protective factor for SHS and PS so that the exercise should be strongly recommended as a valuable preventive measure well in the agreement with PPPM philosophy. Along with SDS and SAS, SHSQ-25 should also be highly recommended and applied as a novel predictive/preventive tool for the health measures from the perspectives of PPPM in view of susceptible population and individual screening, the predisposition to chronic disease preventing, personalization of intervention, and the ideal health state restoring.
健康状况欠佳（SHS）是介于理想健康状态和疾病之间的一种可逆状态，在预测、预防和个性化医疗（PPPM）理念的全球背景下，通过风险预测、疾病预防和个性化医疗，它可以得到有效逆转。越来越多的中国护士受到心理症状（PS）的困扰。护士中PS与SHS之间的相关性尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查中国护士中SHS和PS的患病率，以及SHS与PS之间的关系及其相关因素，并根据PPPM理念探讨改善中国护士健康状况和预防疾病的可行性。
采用整群抽样方法，对中国佛山市的9793名注册护士进行了一项横断面研究。使用25项健康状况欠佳问卷（SHSQ-25）评估SHS。同时，使用自评抑郁量表（SDS）和自评焦虑量表（SAS）自评问卷评估抑郁和焦虑的PS。随后分析了中国护士中PS与SHS之间的关系。
在9793名参与者中，6107名护士纳入最终分析。参与者中SHS的患病率为74.21%（4532/6107），而抑郁和焦虑症状的患病率分别为47.62%（2908/6107）和24.59%（1502/6107）。有抑郁和焦虑症状的参与者中SHS的患病率显著高于无抑郁症状者（83.3%对16.7%，<0.001）和无焦虑症状者（94.2%对5.8%，<0.0001）。SHS组中有运动习惯的比例显著低于无运动习惯的比例（68.8%对78.4%，<0.001）。
中国护士中SHS和PS的患病率较高。中国护士的PS与SHS相关。体育锻炼是SHS和PS的保护因素，因此应强烈推荐将体育锻炼作为一项有价值的预防措施，这与PPPM理念高度契合。鉴于易感人群和个体筛查、慢性病预防的易感性、干预的个性化以及理想健康状态的恢复，除了SDS和SAS外，SHSQ-25也应被高度推荐并作为一种新型的预测/预防工具应用于PPPM视角下的健康措施中。
