Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
Brain and Behaviour Laboratory, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
Exp Brain Res. 2020 Dec;238(12):2685-2699. doi: 10.1007/s00221-020-05952-2. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Several years ago, our research group forwarded a model of goal-directed reaching and aiming that describes the processes involved in the optimization of speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure Elliott et al. (Psychol Bull 136:1023-1044, 2010). One of the main features of the model is the distinction between early impulse control, which is based on a comparison of expected to perceived sensory consequences, and late limb-target control that involves a spatial comparison of limb and target position. Our model also emphasizes the importance of strategic behaviors that limit the opportunity for worst-case or inefficient outcomes. In the 2010 paper, we included a section on how our model can be used to understand atypical aiming/reaching movements in a number of special populations. In light of a recent empirical and theoretical update of our model Elliott et al. (Neurosci Biobehav Rev 72:95-110, 2017), here we consider contemporary motor control work involving typical aging, Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, and tetraplegia with tendon-transfer surgery. We outline how atypical limb control can be viewed within the context of the multiple-process model of goal-directed reaching and aiming, and discuss the underlying perceptual-motor impairment that results in the adaptive solution developed by the specific group.
几年前，我们的研究小组提出了一个目标导向的到达和瞄准模型，描述了在优化速度、准确性和能量消耗方面涉及的过程。该模型的主要特点之一是早期冲动控制和晚期肢体目标控制之间的区别，前者基于预期和感知的感觉后果之间的比较，后者涉及肢体和目标位置的空间比较。我们的模型还强调了限制最坏情况或低效结果的机会的策略行为的重要性。在 2010 年的论文中，我们包括了一个关于我们的模型如何用于理解一些特殊人群中异常的瞄准/到达运动的部分。鉴于我们的模型最近的经验和理论更新，我们考虑了涉及典型老化、唐氏综合征、自闭症谱系障碍和经肌腱转移手术的四肢瘫痪的当代运动控制工作。我们概述了如何在目标导向的到达和瞄准的多过程模型的背景下看待异常肢体控制，并讨论了导致特定群体发展适应性解决方案的潜在感知运动障碍。
