Use and Perceptions of Opioids versus Marijuana among People Living with HIV.

In this study, we examined use of and interest in using opioids and marijuana, particularly in relation to use motives and perceived barriers to use, among people living with HIV (PLWH). We analyzed online survey data from 304 PLWH in the United States recruited via social media in Summer 2018. In this sample (M = 30.86, 40.5% male, 64.5% white), 16.1% reported current (past 30-day) use of opioids, 18.1% marijuana, and 15.8% both. Participants reported more use motives and fewer barriers to using marijuana versus opioids (p's < .001). The most frequently endorsed motive for using either/both drugs were to cope with pain and stress/anxiety. Highest-rated barriers to using either/both drugs were missing symptoms of worsening illness and addiction concerns. Regression analyses indicated that current opioid use correlated with reporting greater opioid use motives; among past-month opioid nonusers, greater interest in using opioids correlated with greater opioid use motives. Current marijuana use correlated with reporting greater marijuana use motives and greater barriers; among past-month marijuana nonusers, greater interest in using marijuana correlated with greater marijuana use motives and fewer barriers. Use motives and barriers differentially correlated with use and interest in use across drugs, thereby indicating different intervention approaches to address appropriate use.