Laoraksawong Pokkamol, Suntaraluk Aubonrat, Kongnil Watcharapong, Pongpanitanont Pongphan, Janwan Penchom
School of Health Science, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Pakkret, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand.
Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand.
Iran J Parasitol. 2020 Jul-Sep;15(3):440-445. doi: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i3.4210.
Soil-transmitted helminth infections constitute a public health problem in the rural areas of tropical and subtropical regions, including Thailand. We aimed to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections and underlying risk factors among the schoolchildren living in the rural areas of southern Thailand.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted between Sep and Nov 2018 in the district of Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. A total of 192 children, aged 6-12 yr were enrolled. Each child provided a single stool sample that was subjected to a suite of microscopic diagnoses for soil-transmitted helminth. A questionnaire was administered to determine risk factors of the infections. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate associations.
The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections was 3.13%; 2.08%; hookworm 1.04% and 0.52%. Children who cutting fingernails short can prevent soil-transmitted helminth infections highly up to 90% (crude OR = 0.1; 95% confidence interval = 0 - 0.8; = 0.020).
The finding of the study shows a sharp decrease in the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth among schoolchildren in the southern Thailand in the past two decades with prevalence dropping below 5% for soil-transmitted helminth. However, the prevalence of remained stable over time. These results suggest that the culture method should be used to access strongyloidiasis situation in the older age group who greater contact with soil for agriculturists.
土壤传播的蠕虫感染在包括泰国在内的热带和亚热带地区的农村地区构成公共卫生问题。我们旨在确定泰国南部农村地区学童中土壤传播的蠕虫感染患病率及其潜在风险因素。
2018年9月至11月在泰国那空是贪玛叻府塔沙拉区进行了一项横断面调查。共纳入192名6至12岁的儿童。每个儿童提供一份粪便样本，对其进行一系列土壤传播蠕虫的显微镜诊断。通过问卷调查确定感染的风险因素。应用逻辑回归模型研究相关性。
土壤传播蠕虫感染的总体患病率为3.13%；蛔虫为2.08%；钩虫为1.04%，鞭虫为0.52%。将指甲剪短的儿童可将土壤传播蠕虫感染的预防率提高多达90%（粗比值比=0.1；95%置信区间=0-0.8；P=0.020）。
研究结果显示，在过去二十年中，泰国南部学童中土壤传播蠕虫的患病率急剧下降，土壤传播蠕虫的患病率降至5%以下。然而，鞭虫的患病率随时间保持稳定。这些结果表明，对于与土壤接触较多的老年农业从业者群体，应采用培养方法来评估类圆线虫病情况。
