Seddighi Hamed, Yousefzadeh Sepideh, López López Mónica, Sajjadi Homeira
Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Emergency and Disaster Resilience, Red Crescent Society of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2020 Oct 9;4(1):e000833. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000833. eCollection 2020.
Climate-related disasters affect different dimensions of children's health and well-being both directly and indirectly. Reducing children's vulnerability and exposure to climate-related disasters is crucial to protect them against risks. Children as climate-change agents and future leaders at local, national and international level can obviously contribute to reduce vulnerabilities in families and communities and transfer knowledge to them. Moreover, children can advocate for climate change mitigation. In the long term, participation of children in the climate change mitigation programmes may lead to fewer disasters and, consequently, less risk to their health. As government policies have failed to fully address and respond to the drivers of climate-related disasters, disasters preparedness and education for children should be considered an essential activity to protect children from disaster's risks. Main factors in shaping children's behaviour and response to disaster are increasing the risk perception and knowledge of the children. When a child perceived likelihood, susceptibility and severity of a disaster (such as earthquake), then they would be able and willing to learn how to prepare for that. So far, disaster education programmes for children have mostly relied on offline school-based training. Different innovative approaches can be applied to continue education within online and digital formats including virtual reality, digital games and online platforms. However, an advocacy support by influential entities such as companies engaged in entertainment industry is required to raise the awareness of public and particularly the children about disaster preparedness.
与气候相关的灾害直接或间接地影响着儿童健康和福祉的不同层面。降低儿童对与气候相关灾害的脆弱性和暴露程度对于保护他们免受风险至关重要。儿童作为气候变化的推动者以及地方、国家和国际层面的未来领导者，显然能够为减少家庭和社区的脆弱性并向他们传授知识做出贡献。此外，儿童可以倡导减缓气候变化。从长远来看，儿童参与减缓气候变化计划可能会减少灾害，从而降低对他们健康的风险。由于政府政策未能充分应对与气候相关灾害的驱动因素，因此应为儿童开展备灾和教育，这应被视为保护儿童免受灾害风险的一项重要活动。塑造儿童行为和应对灾害方式的主要因素是增强儿童的风险认知和知识。当儿童认识到灾害（如地震）的可能性、易感性和严重性时，他们就能够并愿意学习如何为此做好准备。到目前为止，针对儿童的灾害教育计划大多依赖线下学校培训。可以采用不同的创新方法，通过虚拟现实、数字游戏和在线平台等在线和数字形式继续开展教育。然而，需要有影响力的实体（如娱乐行业的公司）提供倡导支持，以提高公众尤其是儿童对备灾的认识。
