扩散控制的多孔晶体硅锂金属电池
Diffusion-Controlled Porous Crystalline Silicon Lithium Metal Batteries.
作者信息
Collins John, de Souza Joel P, Hopstaken Marinus, Ott John A, Bedell Stephen W, Sadana Devendra K
机构信息
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Rt 134, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA.
出版信息
iScience. 2020 Sep 20;23(10):101586. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101586. eCollection 2020 Oct 23.
Nanostructured porous silicon materials have recently advanced as hosts for Li-metal plating. However, limitations involve detrimental silicon self-pulverization, Li-dendrites, and the ability to achieve wafer-level integration of non-composite, pure silicon anodes. compo. Herein, full cells featuring low-resistance, wafer-scale porous crystalline silicon (PCS) anodes are embedded with a nanoporous Li-plating and diffusion-regulating surface layer upon combined wafer surface cleaning (SC) and anodization. LL Lithiophilic surface formation is illustrated via correlation of surface groups and X-ray structure. Low-cost SC-PCS anodes require no composite formulation, and pre-lithiation enables sustainable Li-metal plating/stripping on the lithiophilic surface and in SC-PCS bulk nanostructure. Anodization time and C-rate determined competitive full cell performance: NMC811 | 4800 s SC-PCS: 195 mAh/g (99.9% coulombic efficiency [C.E.], C/3, 50 cycles), 165 mAh/g, 587 Wh/kg (97.1% C.E., C/3 and C/2 rate, 350 cycles), 24 Ω∗cm SC-PCS-resistivity (900 cycles); 160 μm LCO | 500 s SC-PCS: 102 mAh/g (94.1% C.E., 1C, 350 cycles).
纳米结构多孔硅材料最近已发展成为锂金属电镀的主体。然而，其局限性包括有害的硅自粉化、锂枝晶，以及实现非复合纯硅阳极晶圆级集成的能力。本文中，具有低电阻、晶圆级多孔晶体硅（PCS）阳极的全电池在晶圆表面联合清洁（SC）和阳极氧化后，嵌入了纳米多孔锂电镀和扩散调节表面层。通过表面基团与X射线结构的相关性说明了亲锂表面的形成。低成本的SC-PCS阳极无需复合配方，预锂化可在亲锂表面和SC-PCS块状纳米结构中实现可持续的锂金属电镀/剥离。阳极氧化时间和C倍率决定了全电池的竞争性能：NMC811 | 4800秒SC-PCS：195 mAh/g（库仑效率[C.E.]99.9%，C/3，50次循环），165 mAh/g，587 Wh/kg（C.E.97.1%，C/3和C/2倍率，350次循环），24Ω∗cm SC-PCS电阻率（900次循环）；160μm LCO | 500秒SC-PCS：102 mAh/g（C.E.94.1%，1C，350次循环）。
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