Zaso Michelle J, Read Jennifer P
From the, Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, (MJZ), University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
Department of Psychology (JPR), University at Buffalo - The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020 Dec;44(12):2561-2569. doi: 10.1111/acer.14487. Epub 2020 Nov 10.
Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology are linked to increased risk for problematic drinking, yet the factors that increase such risk remain largely unknown. Theoretical models suggest that affectively oriented drinking motives may be central to trauma-related drinking. Specifically, individual-level motivations to drink to regulate affect may be important for moderating drinking urges that occur acutely in response to trauma cues. Further, elevated distress associated with PTSD symptomatology may increase any affectively motivated, momentary drinking risks. However, research has yet to examine these dynamic affective processes. In a large experimental sample, the current study tested whether affective (i.e., coping and enhancement) drinking motives and PTSD symptomatology moderated individuals' drinking urge in response to a trauma cue in a laboratory cue reactivity paradigm.
College drinkers (n = 611, 53% female) were recruited and selected across levels of trauma exposure and PTSD symptomatology by a structured clinical interview. Participants were randomized to a personalized trauma or neutral cue, reporting on their urge to drink alcohol before and after cue exposure. Drinking motives were assessed at the end of the experimental session.
Trauma cue associations with drinking urge were moderated by coping, but not enhancement, motives. Specifically, stronger coping motives were associated with increases in urge to drink alcohol following exposure to a trauma but not neutral cue. PTSD classification did not significantly moderate these associations.
Coping motives may increase drinking urge immediately following exposure to trauma cues and may differentiate individuals most at risk for problematic drinking during trauma-associated distress. Findings support momentary negative affect processes driving dynamic, immediate trauma-related drinking risks.
创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状与饮酒问题风险增加有关，但增加此类风险的因素在很大程度上仍不清楚。理论模型表明，以情感为导向的饮酒动机可能是创伤相关饮酒的核心。具体而言，个体层面为调节情绪而饮酒的动机对于缓解因创伤线索而急性出现的饮酒冲动可能很重要。此外，与PTSD症状相关的痛苦加剧可能会增加任何由情感驱动的即时饮酒风险。然而，研究尚未考察这些动态情感过程。在一个大型实验样本中，本研究在实验室线索反应范式中测试了情感性（即应对和增强）饮酒动机及PTSD症状是否会调节个体对创伤线索的饮酒冲动。
通过结构化临床访谈，招募并选取了不同创伤暴露水平和PTSD症状水平的大学生饮酒者（n = 611，53%为女性）。参与者被随机分配到个性化创伤线索或中性线索组，在线索暴露前后报告其饮酒冲动。在实验 session结束时评估饮酒动机。
创伤线索与饮酒冲动之间的关联受应对动机而非增强动机的调节。具体而言，更强的应对动机与暴露于创伤线索而非中性线索后饮酒冲动的增加有关。PTSD分类并未显著调节这些关联。
应对动机可能会在暴露于创伤线索后立即增加饮酒冲动，并可能区分出在创伤相关痛苦期间饮酒问题风险最高的个体。研究结果支持了瞬间负面情绪过程驱动动态、即时的创伤相关饮酒风险。
