Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory, College of Medicine and Public Health, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021 Jan 1;320(1):G12-G29. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00317.2020. Epub 2020 Oct 21.
The primary functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are to absorb nutrients, water, and electrolytes that are essential for life. This is accompanied by the capability of the GI tract to mix ingested content to maximize absorption and effectively excrete waste material. There have been major advances in understanding intrinsic neural mechanisms involved in GI motility. This review highlights major advances over the past few decades in our understanding of colonic motor complexes (CMCs), the major intrinsic neural patterns that control GI motility. CMCs are generated by rhythmic coordinated firing of large populations of myenteric neurons. Initially, it was thought that serotonin release from the mucosa was required for CMC generation. However, careful experiments have now shown that neither the mucosa nor endogenous serotonin are required, although, evidence suggests enteroendocrine (EC) cells modulate CMCs. The frequency and extent of propagation of CMCs are highly dependent on mechanical stimuli (circumferential stretch). In summary, the isolated mouse colon emerges as a good model to investigate intrinsic mechanisms underlying colonic motility and provides an excellent preparation to explore potential therapeutic agents on colonic motility, in a highly controlled in vitro environment. In addition, during CMCs, the mouse colon facilitates investigations into the emergence of dynamic assemblies of extensive neural networks, applicable to the nervous system of different organisms.
胃肠道（GI）的主要功能是吸收生命所必需的营养物质、水和电解质。与此同时，胃肠道还具有混合摄入内容物以最大限度地吸收和有效排泄废物的能力。人们对胃肠道动力的内在神经机制有了重大的理解进展。这篇综述强调了过去几十年中我们对结肠运动复合波（CMCs）理解的主要进展，CMCs 是控制胃肠道动力的主要内在神经模式。CMCs 是由肌间神经元有节奏地协调放电产生的。最初，人们认为黏膜释放的 5-羟色胺是 CMC 产生所必需的。然而，仔细的实验现在表明，黏膜和内源性 5-羟色胺都不是必需的，尽管有证据表明肠内分泌（EC）细胞调节 CMCs。CMCs 的频率和传播范围高度依赖于机械刺激（环向拉伸）。总之，分离的小鼠结肠作为研究结肠动力内在机制的良好模型出现，并为在高度控制的体外环境中探索潜在的治疗剂对结肠动力的影响提供了极好的准备。此外，在 CMCs 期间，小鼠结肠有助于研究广泛神经网络的动态集合的出现，这些网络适用于不同生物体的神经系统。
