Khan Muhammad Jamal, Muhammad Dost, Fahad Shah, Adnan Muhammad, Wahid Fazli, Alamri Saud, Khan Farmanullah, Dawar Khadim Muhammad, Irshad Inam, Danish Subhan, Arif Muhammad, Saud Shah, Khan Bushra, Mian Ishaq Ahmad, Datta Rahul, Zarei Tayebeh, Shah Anis Ali, Ramzan Musarrat, Zafar-Ul-Hye Muhammad, Mussarat Maria, Siddiqui Manzer H
Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan.
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Oct 19;9(10):1389. doi: 10.3390/plants9101389.
Management of inorganic fertilizer is very important to obtain maximum crop yield and improved nutrient use efficiency in cereal crops. Fixation of phosphatic fertilizers in alkaline soils due to calcareousness is one of the major hurdles. It induces phosphorus nutritional stress that can decrease the yield of maize and wheat. Selection of a suitable application method and proper stage of crop for phosphorus (P) fertilizer has prime importance in better uptake of P and crop production. Among different application methods, soil and foliar application are widely adopted. In wheat and maize, knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + booting are critical stages towards P deficiency. That is why field trials were conducted to evaluate the supplemental effect of foliar P on maize and wheat yields. For that, 144 mM KHPO was applied as foliar at knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + boot stages in maize and wheat, respectively. Soil application of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha was done through broadcast and band methods. Results showed that foliar spray of 144 mM KHPO at knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + boot stages in wheat and maize significantly enhanced grains yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) where P was applied as banding or broadcast at the time of sowing. A significant decreasing trend in response to increasing soil P levels validated the efficacious role and suitability of foliar P. In conclusion, the use of P as foliar at knee height + tasseling and stem elongation + boot stages is an efficacious way to manage P fertilizer.
无机肥料的管理对于在谷类作物中获得最大作物产量和提高养分利用效率非常重要。由于土壤含钙，碱性土壤中磷肥的固定是主要障碍之一。它会引发磷营养胁迫，从而降低玉米和小麦的产量。选择合适的施肥方法和作物施磷的适当阶段对于更好地吸收磷和作物生产至关重要。在不同的施肥方法中，土壤施肥和叶面施肥被广泛采用。在小麦和玉米中，拔节期 + 抽雄期以及茎伸长期 + 孕穗期是易缺磷的关键阶段。正因如此，开展了田间试验来评估叶面施磷对玉米和小麦产量的补充效果。为此，分别在玉米的拔节期 + 抽雄期以及小麦的茎伸长期 + 孕穗期，喷施144 mM 的磷酸二氢钾（KH₂PO₄）进行叶面施肥。通过撒施和条施方法进行土壤施磷，施磷量分别为0、20、40和60 kg P ha⁻¹。结果表明，在小麦和玉米的拔节期 + 抽雄期以及茎伸长期 + 孕穗期喷施144 mM 的磷酸二氢钾，当在播种时采用条施或撒施方式施磷时，显著提高了籽粒产量和磷利用效率（PUE）。随着土壤磷水平增加，响应呈显著下降趋势，这证实了叶面施磷的有效作用和适用性。总之，在拔节期 + 抽雄期以及茎伸长期 + 孕穗期进行叶面施磷是管理磷肥的有效方法。
