在小麦-玉米种植体系下，石灰和长期施肥的相互作用通过调节酸性土壤中的可交换阳离子，增加了作物产量和磷利用效率（PUE）。
Interaction of liming and long-term fertilization increased crop yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) through mediating exchangeable cations in acidic soil under wheat-maize cropping system.
机构信息
National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 13;10(1):19828. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76892-8.
Low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is one of the main problems of acidic soil that limit the crop growth. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the response of crop yield and PUE to the long-term application of fertilizers and quicklime (CaO) in the acidic soil under wheat-maize rotation system. Treatments included, CK (no fertilization), NP (inorganic nitrogen and P fertilization), NPK (inorganic N, P and potassium fertilization), NPKS (NPK + straw return), NPCa (NP + lime), NPKCa (NPK + lime) and NPKSCa (NPKS + lime). Results showed that, fertilizer without lime treatments, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased soil pH and crop yield, compared to the fertilizer with lime treatments during the period of 2012-2018. Average among years, compared to the CK treatment, wheat grain yield increased by 138%, 213%, 198%, 547%, 688% and 626%, respectively and maize yield increased by 687%, 1887%, 1651%, 2605%, 5047% and 5077%, respectively, under the NP, NPK, NPKS, NPCa, NPKCa and NPKSCa treatments. Lime application significantly increased soil exchangeable base cations (Ca and Mg) and decreased Al cation. Compared to the NP treatment, phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) increased by 220%, 212%, 409%, 807% and 795%, respectively, under the NPK, NPKS, NPCa, NPKCa and NPKSCa treatments. Soil pH showed significant negative relationship with exchangeable Al and soil total N. While, soil pH showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) positive relationship with exchangeable Ca, PUE and annual crop yield. PUE was highly negatively correlated with soil exchangeable Al. In addition, soil exchangeable Ca, pH, exchangeable Al and available N were the most influencing factors of crop yield. Therefore, we concluded that lime application is an effective strategy to mitigate soil acidification and to increase PUE through increasing exchangeable base cations and reducing the acidic cations for high crop yield in acidic soil.
低磷利用效率（PUE）是酸性土壤的主要问题之一，限制了作物的生长。因此，在本研究中，我们研究了在小麦-玉米轮作系统下，长期施用肥料和生石灰（CaO）对作物产量和 PUE 的响应。处理包括 CK（不施肥）、NP（无机氮和磷施肥）、NPK（无机 N、P 和钾施肥）、NPKS（NPK+秸秆还田）、NPCa（NP+石灰）、NPKCa（NPK+石灰）和 NPKSCa（NPKS+石灰）。结果表明，与石灰处理相比，2012-2018 年期间，无石灰处理的肥料显著（p≤0.05）降低了土壤 pH 值和作物产量。与 CK 处理相比，平均每年，NP 处理下的小麦籽粒产量分别增加了 138%、213%、198%、547%、688%和 626%，玉米产量分别增加了 687%、1887%、1651%、2605%、5047%和 5077%。石灰的施用显著增加了土壤可交换的基础阳离子（Ca 和 Mg），减少了 Al 阳离子。与 NP 处理相比，NPK、NPKS、NPCa、NPKCa 和 NPKSCa 处理下的 PUE 分别增加了 220%、212%、409%、807%和 795%。土壤 pH 值与可交换的 Al 和土壤全氮呈显著负相关。然而，土壤 pH 值与可交换的 Ca、PUE 和年度作物产量呈显著（p≤0.05）正相关。PUE 与土壤可交换的 Al 呈高度负相关。此外，土壤可交换的 Ca、pH 值、可交换的 Al 和有效 N 是影响作物产量的最主要因素。因此，我们得出结论，石灰的施用是一种有效的策略，可以通过增加可交换的基础阳离子和减少酸性阳离子来缓解土壤酸化，并通过增加可交换的基础阳离子和减少酸性阳离子来提高 PUE，从而在酸性土壤中获得高产。
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