Warn R M
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK.
J Cell Sci Suppl. 1986;5:311-28. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1986.supplement_5.20.
The organization and roles of the cytoskeleton are described for a complex developing system (the early Drosophila embryo) at a time when the basic embryonic plan is mapped out. This type of embryo shows a separation of mitosis from cytokinesis during the early stages of development. Most cells are only formed when a syncytium of approximately 6000 nuclei are present. The functions of the cytoskeleton are considered for the process of nuclear migration (pre-blastoderm), which distributes the nuclei throughout the embryo and brings most of them close to the surface. They are also described for the subsequent mitoses of the syncytial blastoderm where the cortex and its well-developed cytoskeleton is reorganized into cell-like surface protrusions known as 'caps' or 'buds'. A comparison is made of the very different cytoskeletal organization present during the cleavages that form the two cell types of early development (pole cell and blastoderm cell), together with information from mutations that affect various aspects of these cleavages via factors laid down during oogenesis.
在绘制出基本胚胎图式时，针对一个复杂的发育系统（早期果蝇胚胎）描述了细胞骨架的组织和作用。这种类型的胚胎在发育早期显示出有丝分裂与胞质分裂的分离。大多数细胞仅在存在约6000个细胞核的合胞体时形成。针对核迁移过程（胚盘形成前期）考虑了细胞骨架的功能，该过程将细胞核分布于整个胚胎并使大多数细胞核靠近表面。还针对合胞体胚盘随后的有丝分裂描述了细胞骨架的功能，在该阶段，皮层及其发育良好的细胞骨架会重新组织成称为“帽”或“芽”的细胞样表面突起。对形成早期发育的两种细胞类型（极细胞和胚盘细胞）的卵裂过程中存在的非常不同的细胞骨架组织进行了比较，并结合了通过卵子发生过程中产生的因子影响这些卵裂各个方面的突变信息。
