Division of Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Eur J Haematol. 2021 Feb;106(2):294-297. doi: 10.1111/ejh.13538. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
The treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been transformed by the use of targeted small molecules inhibiting components of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway (Haematologica, 103, 2018 and e204; Curr Hematol Malig Rep, 14, 2019, 302). Chief among these is ibrutinib, an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), which produces deep, durable responses in CLL with good tolerability (Haematologica, 103, 2018 and e204). Though prolonged exposure to the drug can exert selective pressure on CLL cells and allow for the emergence of drug-resistant clones, primary ibrutinib treatment failure is rare (Expert Rev Hematol, 11 and 2018, 185; N Engl J Med, 370, 2014 and 2352; N Engl J Med, 373, 2015 and 25, 2425; Blood, 128, 2016 and 2199). Activating mutations in the gene PLCG2, which encodes a downstream target of BTK, appear to enable constitutive BCR signaling and have been associated with ibrutinib resistance (Int J Cancer, 146 and 2020, 85; J Clin Oncol, 35, 2017 and 1437; Blood, 126, 2015 and 61). In recent years, novel investigational agents have targeted other components of the BCR pathway. Among these is entospletinib, an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of splenic tyrosine kinase (SYK) (Blood, 126, 2015 and 1744), which lies upstream of the enzyme phospholipase C-gamma-2 (PLCG2). Here, we describe a patient who was found to harbor a novel somatic variant of PLCG2 and experienced a lack of treatment response to both ibrutinib and entospletinib.
慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)的治疗已经发生了转变,现在可以使用靶向小分子来抑制 B 细胞受体(BCR)信号通路的组成部分(《血液学》,103,2018 年,e204;《当代血液恶性肿瘤报告》,14,2019 年,302)。其中最重要的是伊布替尼,一种不可逆的布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶(BTK)抑制剂,它能使 CLL 产生深度、持久的反应,且耐受性良好(《血液学》,103,2018 年,e204)。尽管长期暴露于该药物会对 CLL 细胞产生选择性压力,并允许耐药克隆的出现,但原发性伊布替尼治疗失败很少见(《血液学专家评论》,11 和 2018 年,185;《新英格兰医学杂志》,370,2014 年,2352;《新英格兰医学杂志》,373,2015 年,25,2425;《血液》,128,2016 年,2199)。编码 BTK 的下游靶点 PLCG2 基因的激活突变似乎能够使 BCR 信号持续激活,并与伊布替尼耐药相关(《国际癌症杂志》,146 和 2020 年,85;《临床肿瘤学杂志》,35,2017 年,1437;《血液》,126,2015 年,61)。近年来,新型研究药物靶向 BCR 通路的其他组成部分。其中包括恩替司他滨,一种口服生物利用度、选择性脾酪氨酸激酶(SYK)抑制剂(《血液》,126,2015 年,1744),它位于酶磷脂酶 C-γ-2(PLCG2)的上游。在这里,我们描述了一位患者,他被发现携带一种新型的 PLCG2 体细胞变异体,对伊布替尼和恩替司他滨均无治疗反应。