Department of Psychological Methodology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Personality Psychology and Psychological Assessment, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 22;15(10):e0241013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241013. eCollection 2020.
The continuous development and evolvement of sports provide a challenge for researchers who study psychological correlates and consequences of sports, as no single study can include all sports and results cannot easily be generalized across different sports. In this preregistered study, we present a new way of distinguishing sports based on the eight DIAMONDS situational characteristics: Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, and Sociality. In a cross-sectional online survey, athletes were asked to judge the sport they perform on the eight DIAMONDS dimensions. 138 sports were rated by N = 7,835 athletes using the 24-item version of the S8*questionnaire measuring the DIAMONDS. Descriptive and cluster analyses were performed, and situational characteristics profiles were computed. The sport-specific profiles and identified clusters resemble existing sport categorizations but add relevant information based on the situational characteristics of sports, especially regarding their relation with psychologically relevant variables.
体育的不断发展和演变给研究体育心理相关性和后果的研究人员带来了挑战，因为没有单一的研究可以涵盖所有的运动，而且结果也不容易在不同的运动中推广。在这项预先注册的研究中，我们提出了一种基于 DIAMONDS 八种情境特征区分运动的新方法：职责、智力、逆境、交配、积极性、消极性、欺骗性和社会性。在一项横断面在线调查中，要求运动员根据 DIAMONDS 的八种维度来判断他们所从事的运动。使用测量 DIAMONDS 的 24 项 S8*问卷，N = 7835 名运动员对 138 种运动进行了评分。进行了描述性和聚类分析，并计算了情境特征概况。基于运动的具体特征和确定的聚类与现有的运动分类相似，但增加了基于运动情境特征的相关信息，特别是与心理相关变量的关系。
