Advances in orthotics for the patient with rheumatoid arthritis.

Orthotics are externally applied devices which support a joint or enhance its function. In arthritis orthotics are prescribed to stabilize joints, provide better positioning, reduce pain, prevent deformity and improve function. Splints are used primarily for the upper extremity. Specially designed shoes can control foot and ankle pain and instability. Continuous passive motion devices are becoming widely used for early postoperative rehabilitation after arthroplasty. Unfortunately, few controlled studies have been performed to determine the utility of orthoses in patients with arthritis. Some of the most important questions on this subject are posed and available data discussed as well as the need for additional information.