Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
Chempluschem. 2021 Jan;86(1):11-27. doi: 10.1002/cplu.202000592. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Apart from numerous applications, for example in azo dye precursors, explosives, and industrial processes, the nitro group (-NO ) appears on countless molecules in photochemical research owing to its unique characteristics such as a strong electron-withdrawing ability and facile conversion to the reduced substituent. Although it is well known as a fluorescence quencher, fluorescent chromophores that contain the nitro group have also emerged, with 3-nitrophenothiazine being recently reported to have 100 % emission quantum yield in nonpolar solvents. The diverse characters of nitro-containing chromophores motivated us to systematically review those chromophores with nitro substituents, their associated photophysical properties, and applications. In this Review, we succinctly elaborate the advance of the fluorescent nitro chromophores in fields of intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescent probes and nonlinear properties. Special attention is paid to the rationalization of the associated emission spectroscopy, so that the readers can gain insights into the structure-photophysics relationship and hence gain insights for the strategic design of nitro chromophores.
除了在偶氮染料前体、炸药和工业过程等众多应用中，硝基（-NO ）基团因其独特的特性，如强吸电子能力和易于转化为还原取代基，在光化学研究中也出现在无数分子上。尽管它是众所周知的荧光猝灭剂，但也出现了含有硝基的荧光生色团，最近有报道称，3-硝基吩噻嗪在非极性溶剂中的发射量子产率为 100％。含硝基生色团的多样性特征促使我们系统地综述了那些含有硝基取代基的生色团、它们相关的光物理性质和应用。在这篇综述中，我们简明扼要地阐述了荧光硝基生色团在分子内电荷转移、荧光探针和非线性性质领域的进展。特别关注相关发射光谱的合理化，以便读者能够深入了解结构-光物理关系，从而为硝基生色团的战略设计提供见解。
