Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Oct 23;22(10):e22228. doi: 10.2196/22228.
The accurate assessment and acquisition of facial anatomical information significantly contributes to enhancing the reliability of treatments in dental and medical fields, and has applications in fields such as craniomaxillofacial surgery, orthodontics, prosthodontics, orthopedics, and forensic medicine. Mobile device-compatible 3D facial scanners have been reported to be an effective tool for clinical use, but the accuracy of digital facial impressions obtained with the scanners has not been explored.
We aimed to review comparisons of the accuracy of mobile device-compatible face scanners for facial digitization with that of systems for professional 3D facial scanning.
Individual search strategies were employed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library databases to search for articles published up to May 27, 2020. Peer-reviewed journal articles evaluating the accuracy of 3D facial models generated by mobile device-compatible face scanners were included. Cohen d effect size estimates and confidence intervals of standardized mean difference (SMD) data sets were used for meta-analysis.
By automatic database searching, 3942 articles were identified, of which 11 articles were considered eligible for narrative review, with 6 studies included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the accuracy of face models obtained using mobile device-compatible face scanners was significantly lower than that of face models obtained using professional 3D facial scanners (SMD 3.96 mm, 95% CI 2.81-5.10 mm; z=6.78; P<.001). The difference between face scanning when performed on inanimate facial models was significantly higher (SMD 10.53 mm, 95% CI 6.29-14.77 mm) than that when performed on living participants (SMD 2.58 mm, 95% CI 1.70-3.47 mm, P<.001, df=12.94).
Overall, mobile device-compatible face scanners did not perform as well as professional scanning systems in 3D facial acquisition, but the deviations were within the clinically acceptable range of <1.5 mm. Significant differences between results when 3D facial scans were performed on inanimate facial objects and when performed on the faces of living participants were found; thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting results from studies conducted on inanimate objects.
准确评估和获取面部解剖学信息，显著提高了牙科和医学领域治疗的可靠性，并在颅面外科、正畸学、修复学、矫形学和法医学等领域得到了应用。移动设备兼容的 3D 面部扫描仪已被报道为临床应用的有效工具，但扫描仪获取的数字面部印象的准确性尚未得到探索。
我们旨在综述移动设备兼容的面部扫描仪进行面部数字化与专业 3D 面部扫描系统的准确性比较。
我们在 PubMed（MEDLINE）、Scopus、Science Direct 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库中采用个体化检索策略，检索截至 2020 年 5 月 27 日发表的文章。纳入评估移动设备兼容的面部扫描仪生成的 3D 面部模型准确性的同行评审期刊文章。我们使用 Cohen d 效应大小估计值和标准化均数差（SMD）数据集的置信区间进行荟萃分析。
通过自动数据库搜索，共确定了 3942 篇文章，其中 11 篇文章被认为适合进行叙述性综述，有 6 项研究纳入荟萃分析。总体而言，使用移动设备兼容的面部扫描仪获得的面部模型的准确性明显低于使用专业 3D 面部扫描仪获得的面部模型（SMD 3.96 mm，95%CI 2.81-5.10 mm；z=6.78；P<.001）。在无生命的面部模型上进行面部扫描的差异明显高于在活体参与者上进行扫描的差异（SMD 10.53 mm，95%CI 6.29-14.77 mm）（P<.001，df=12.94）。
总体而言，移动设备兼容的面部扫描仪在 3D 面部采集方面的性能不如专业扫描系统，但偏差在临床可接受的<1.5 mm 范围内。在对无生命的面部物体和活体参与者的面部进行 3D 面部扫描时，发现结果存在显著差异；因此，在解释对无生命物体进行的研究结果时应谨慎。
