Tangthaweesuk Nichakun, Raocharernporn Somchart
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
PLoS One. 2025 May 23;20(5):e0322358. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322358. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to compare the accuracy (trueness and precision) and reproducibility of three 3D facial scanning systems: a laser scanner (Planmeca Proface), a dual-structured light scanner (EinScan H2), and a smartphone application (EM3D Scanner). Thirty subjects with skeletal deformities scheduled for orthognathic surgery were scanned using these systems, and the resulting 90 3D facial scans were compared with facial surfaces segmented from CBCT scans. Surface discrepancies were measured using root mean square (RMS) values across five facial aesthetic areas (cheeks, nasal, perioral, and mental units) through Geomagic Control X software. The EM3D Scanner showed significantly better trueness and precision compared to the EinScan H2, particularly for the overall face (p < 0.01). Planmeca Proface showed no significant difference from the other scanners in terms of error. The nasal and perioral regions, scanned with Planmeca Proface, achieved the highest accuracy compared to other areas, while the left cheek demonstrated the lowest accuracy. Up to 80% of the scanned areas were classified as reproducible, falling within acceptable tolerance limits. Overall, trueness values ranged from 0.70 to 0.85 mm, and precision ranged from 0.68 to 0.81 mm, with deviations of less than 1.0 mm deemed highly acceptable for clinical applications. Surface regions closer to the midline were found to have higher accuracy than those on the sides of the face. These findings highlight the potential of EM3D Scanner and Planmeca Proface for accurate and reliable facial scanning, particularly in clinical settings where minimal deviation is crucial.
本研究旨在比较三种三维面部扫描系统的准确性（真实性和精密度）及可重复性：激光扫描仪（普兰梅卡Proface）、双结构光扫描仪（EinScan H2）和一款智能手机应用程序（EM3D Scanner）。使用这些系统对30名计划接受正颌手术的骨骼畸形患者进行扫描，并将由此获得的90次三维面部扫描结果与从锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）扫描中分割出的面部表面进行比较。通过Geomagic Control X软件，使用五个面部美学区域（脸颊、鼻部、口周和颏部）的均方根（RMS）值来测量表面差异。与EinScan H2相比，EM3D Scanner显示出显著更好的真实性和精密度，尤其是对于整个面部（p < 0.01）。普兰梅卡Proface在误差方面与其他扫描仪相比无显著差异。与其他区域相比，用普兰梅卡Proface扫描的鼻部和口周区域精度最高，而左脸颊的精度最低。高达80%的扫描区域被归类为可重复，落在可接受的公差范围内。总体而言，真实性值范围为0.70至0.85毫米，精密度范围为0.68至0.81毫米对于临床应用而言，偏差小于1.0毫米被认为是高度可接受的。发现靠近中线的表面区域比面部两侧的区域具有更高的精度。这些发现凸显了EM3D Scanner和普兰梅卡Proface在精确可靠的面部扫描方面的潜力，特别是在偏差极小至关重要的临床环境中。
