Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (MAPrc), The Alfred Hospital, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Psychophysiology. 2021 Jan;58(1):e13706. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13706. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Deficits on saccade tasks, particularly antisaccade performance, have been reliably reported in schizophrenia. However, less evidence is available on saccade performance in relation to schizotypy, a personality constellation harboring risk for schizophrenia. Here, we report a large empirical study of the associations of schizotypy and neuroticism with antisaccade and prosaccade performance (Study I). Additionally, we carried out meta-analyses of the association between schizotypy and antisaccade error rate (Study II). In Study I, N = 526 healthy individuals from the general population aged 18-54 years completed prosaccade and antisaccade tasks as well as the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Schizotypy was significantly associated with increased antisaccade error rate, with the disorganized dimension emerging as strongest predictor (β = .118, p = .007). Neuroticism emerged as a significant predictor for prosaccade gain (β = .103, p = .023) and antisaccade latency (β = .101, p = .025). In Study II, random-effects meta-analyses were performed on the published data and those from Study I. Meta-analyses revealed significant associations (all p ≤ .003) of antisaccade error rate with positive (g = 0.37), negative (g = 0.26), disorganized (g = 0.36) and overall schizotypy (g = 0.37). Overall, the present work replicates the association between antisaccade direction errors and schizotypy. Significant findings from meta-analyses provide further evidence of the antisaccade error rate as a putative schizophrenia spectrum marker.
扫视任务（尤其是反扫视任务）缺陷在精神分裂症中得到了可靠的报道。然而，与精神分裂症风险相关的人格特质——类精神分裂症，在扫视任务表现方面的证据较少。在此，我们报告了一项关于类精神分裂症和神经质与反扫视和正扫视表现之间关联的大型实证研究（研究 I）。此外，我们还进行了元分析，以研究类精神分裂症与反扫视错误率之间的关联（研究 II）。在研究 I 中，来自一般人群的 526 名年龄在 18-54 岁之间的健康个体完成了正扫视和反扫视任务以及精神分裂症人格问卷（SPQ）。类精神分裂症与反扫视错误率的增加显著相关，其中混乱维度是最强的预测因素（β=0.118，p=0.007）。神经质是正扫视增益（β=0.103，p=0.023）和反扫视潜伏期（β=0.101，p=0.025）的显著预测因素。在研究 II 中，对已发表的数据和研究 I 中的数据进行了随机效应元分析。荟萃分析显示，反扫视错误率与正性（g=0.37）、负性（g=0.26）、混乱（g=0.36）和整体类精神分裂症（g=0.37）之间存在显著关联（所有 p 值均≤0.003）。总的来说，本工作复制了反扫视方向错误与类精神分裂症之间的关联。荟萃分析的显著结果进一步证明了反扫视错误率作为一种潜在的精神分裂症谱系标志物。
